乡村振兴背景下应用型高校大学生返乡创业意愿影响因素分析——以南宁学院为例

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Return-to-Hometown Entrepreneurial Intention of Application-Oriented College Students under the Background of Rural Revitalization—Taking Nanning University as an Example

摘要: 在国家大力实施乡村振兴战略的背景下，鼓励应用型高校大学生返乡创业已被视为促进农村经济转型和实现高质量发展的重要途径。本文选取南宁学院在校大学生作为研究对象，采用问卷调查结合数据分析的方法，深入探讨了个人、家庭、政策及社会等因素对返乡创业意愿的综合影响机制。研究结果显示，大学生整体的返乡创业意愿水平偏低，仅有38%的受访者表示愿意返乡创业。通过探索性因子分析，提取出两个主要维度，即“政策与环境支持”和“个体能力与内在动机”。其中，信息获取渠道、交通便捷性和政策吸引力构成外部环境的关键要素；而创业技能自信、家庭经济支持以及榜样示范效应则成为内部驱动力。进一步的多重响应分析表明，资金短缺、城市就业吸引力以及市场风险是制约大学生返乡创业的三大核心障碍。文本分析结果表明，大学生普遍期望高校能够开设与乡村产业相关的课程，举办专题讲座，并提供实践平台，以提升其创业能力与机会感知。与此同时，研究发现，返乡创业意愿既受到外部环境的制约，也受内在因素的驱动。政策扶持、教育引导与资源保障的协同作用，被认为是增强大学生返乡创业积极性的关键途径。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of China’s vigorous implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, encouraging application-oriented university students to engage in entrepreneurship in their hometowns has been regarded as a critical pathway to promote rural economic transformation and achieve high-quality development. Taking undergraduates from Nanning University as the research sample, this study employs questionnaire surveys combined with data analysis to investigate the comprehensive mechanisms through which individual, family, policy, and social factors influence students’ willingness to return home for entrepreneurship. The results reveal that the overall level of entrepreneurial intention among college students is relatively low, with only 38% of respondents expressing a willingness to start businesses in rural areas. Exploratory factor analysis identifies two primary dimensions: “policy and environmental support” and “individual capacity and intrinsic motivation”. Among these, access to information, transportation convenience, and policy incentives constitute the key elements of the external environment, while confidence in entrepreneurial skills, family financial support, and role-model effects serve as internal driving forces. Furthermore, multiple-response analysis indicates that insufficient funding, the attractiveness of urban employment opportunities, and market risks represent the three main obstacles to rural entrepreneurship. Textual analysis further suggests that students generally expect universities to offer courses related to rural industries, organize thematic lectures, and provide practical platforms to enhance their entrepreneurial competence and perception of opportunities. Overall, the findings demonstrate that entrepreneurial intention is jointly shaped by external conditions and internal factors, and that the coordinated promotion of policy support, educational guidance, and resource provision constitutes a crucial pathway to strengthening students’ motivation for rural entrepreneurship.