长江流域高山湖泊微塑料历史沉积记录研究
Research on Historical Deposition Records of Microplastics in Alpine Lakes within the Yangtze River Basin
DOI: 10.12677/ag.2025.1510127, PDF,   
作者: 李 艳*：桂林理工大学地球科学学院，广西 桂林；湖南文理学院地理科学与旅游学院，湖南 常德；祖明月, 王紫譞：桂林理工大学地球科学学院，广西 桂林
关键词: 微塑料；高山湖泊；沉积记录；历史重建；长江流域；环境污染；Microplastics； Alpine Lakes； Sedimentary Records； Historical Reconstruction； Yangtze River Basin； Environmental Pollution
摘要: 微塑料作为一种新型污染物，其全球分布与生态风险已成为环境科学领域的研究前沿。高山湖泊因其环境敏感性、沉积连续性和远离直接污染源的特点，成为重建区域污染历史的理想档案库。本文系统综述了以长江流域高山湖泊沉积岩芯为研究对象，开展微塑料污染历史演变研究的意义、主要方法、潜在发现与挑战。文章指出，通过137Cs和210Pbex定年技术与拉曼光谱分析相结合，能够有效重建该流域过去数十年至百年的微塑料沉积通量、聚合物组成及形态演变历史，其记录与我国经济发展阶段和塑料消费模式密切相关。该研究对于理解微塑料的大气远程传输机制、评估人类世活动对环境的影响以及制定有效的塑料污染管控政策具有重要科学价值。
Abstract: As an emerging contaminant, the global distribution and ecological risks of microplastics have become a research frontier in environmental science. Alpine lakes, characterized by environmental sensitivity, sedimentary continuity, and remoteness from direct pollution sources, serve as ideal archives for reconstructing regional pollution history. This paper systematically reviews the significance, methodologies, key findings, and challenges of studying microplastic pollution evolution using sediment cores from alpine lakes in the Yangtze River Basin. The study demonstrates that combining 137Cs and 210Pbex dating techniques with Raman spectroscopy can effectively reconstruct decadal-to-centennial scale records of microplastic deposition fluxes, polymer composition, and morphological evolution in the basin. These records show strong correlations with China’s economic development stages and plastic consumption patterns. This research holds significant scientific value for understanding atmospheric long-range transport mechanisms of microplastics, assessing the environmental impact of Homo sapiens activities, and formulating effective plastic pollution control policies.
文章引用：李艳, 祖明月, 王紫譞. 长江流域高山湖泊微塑料历史沉积记录研究[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2025, 15(10): 1373-1381. https://doi.org/10.12677/ag.2025.1510127

参考文献

[1] Rochman, C.M., Tahir, A., Williams, S.L., Baxa, D.V., Lam, R., Miller, J.T., et al. (2015) Anthropogenic Debris in Seafood: Plastic Debris and Fibers from Textiles in Fish and Bivalves Sold for Human Consumption. Scientific Reports, 5, Article No. 14340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Thompson, R.C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R.P., Davis, A., Rowland, S.J., John, A.W.G., et al. (2004) Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic? Science, 304, 838-838. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] 王芳婷, 包科, 齐信. 长江流域武汉段典型湖泊中微塑料的赋存特征及生态风险评估[J]. 环境工程学报, 2023, 17(12): 3953-3959.
[4] Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C. and Galloway, T.S. (2011) Microplastics as Contaminants in the Marine Environment: A Review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 2588-2597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] 陈灏, 张微微, 赵建国. 高山湖泊沉积物中微塑料的赋存特征与历史重建[J]. 环境科学, 2020, 41(6): 3000-3008.
[6] 李思琼, 王华, 储林佑, 曾一川, 闫雨婷. 长江流域微塑料污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2024, 45(3): 1439-1447.
[7] 徐海, 盛恩国, 蓝江湖, 等. 青藏高原东缘近2000年湖泊气候记录及全球联系[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2015, 34(2): 257-268.
[8] 杨玉凤, 赵雁捷, 郑佳楠, 仇恒帅, 朱可欣, 赵钰, 郑文秀, 王荣. 近两百年来云贵高原横断山区聚龙湖沉积记录的流域多过程变化[J]. 湖泊科学, 2025, 37(4): 1345-1356.
[9] 彭佳, 黄春玲, 陈旭. 沉积物记录的亚高山湖泊环境变化——以鄂东南云中湖为例[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(1): 220-230.
[10] Zhang, K., Su, J., Xiong, X., Wu, X., Wu, C. and Liu, J. (2016) Microplastic Pollution of Lakeshore Sediments from Remote Lakes in Tibet Plateau, China. Environmental Pollution, 219, 450-455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Dong, M., Luo, Z., Jiang, Q., Xing, X., Zhang, Q. and Sun, Y. (2020) The Rapid Increases in Microplastics in Urban Lake Sediments. Scientific Reports, 10, Article No. 848. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Turner, S., Horton, A.A., Rose, N.L. and Hall, C. (2019) A Temporal Sediment Record of Microplastics in an Urban Lake, London, UK. Journal of Paleolimnology, 61, 449-462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] 郑明凯, 王冬梅, 李飞. 沉积物中微塑料提取与鉴定方法研究进展[J]. 分析测试技术与仪器, 2022, 28(1): 1-10.
[14] 高硕欣, 刘璐璐, 张凯旋, 等. 土壤微塑料的来源及分离鉴定方法[J]. 山东化工, 2023, 52(20): 136-138, 142.
[15] 王颖, 刘建国, 周启星. 微塑料在环境中的分布、迁移及生态效应研究进展[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(5): 1681-1692.
[16] 赵雨辰, 肖蓉, 张恩, 等. 长江流域微塑料污染特征与来源解析研究进展[J]. 环境科学研究, 2021, 34(3): 593-604.
[17] Allen, S., Allen, D., Phoenix, V.R., Le Roux, G., Durántez Jiménez, P., Simonneau, A., et al. (2019) Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Microplastics in a Remote Mountain Catchment. Nature Geoscience, 12, 339-344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Corcoran, P.L., Norris, T., Ceccanese, T., Walzak, M.J., Helm, P.A. and Marvin, C.H. (2015) Hidden Plastics of Lake Ontario, Canada and Their Potential Preservation in the Sediment Record. Environmental Pollution, 204, 17-25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Peng, G., Zhu, B., Yang, D., et al. (2020) Microplastics in Sediments of the Changjiang Estuary, China. Environmental Pollution, 257, Article ID: 113571.
[20] Materić, D., Kjær, H. A., Vallelonga, P., et al. (2020) Microplastics in the Arctic: A Case Study with Sub-Surface Ice Cores from Northeast Greenland. Environment International, 145, Article ID: 106087.
[21] Brandon, J.A., Jones, W. and Ohman, M.D. (2019) Multidecadal Increase in Plastic Particles in Coastal Ocean Sediments. Science Advances, 5, eaax0587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] 张远, 李斐, 钟寰, 等. 长江流域水环境中微塑料污染研究进展[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(3): 1129-1138.
[23] 刘敏, 王佩, 罗专溪, 等. 高山湖泊沉积物中微塑料的污染特征及其环境指示意义[J]. 湖泊科学, 2020, 32(4): 1025-1035.
[24] Horton, A.A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D.J., Lahive, E. and Svendsen, C. (2017) Microplastics in Freshwater and Terrestrial Environments: Evaluating the Current Understanding to Identify the Knowledge Gaps and Future Research Priorities. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 127-141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L.C.M., Carson, H.S., Thiel, M., Moore, C.J., Borerro, J.C., et al. (2014) Plastic Pollution in the World’s Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea. PLOS ONE, 9, e111913. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] 黄民生, 陈振楼, 徐亚同. 微塑料的环境行为与生态风险研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(2): 417-426.
[27] 吴辰熙, 潘响亮, 骆永明. 土壤环境中微塑料污染: 来源、过程及风险[J]. 土壤学报, 2016, 53(6): 1377-1388.
[28] Bank, M.S. and Hansson, S.V. (2019) The Plastic Cycle: A Novel and Holistic Paradigm for the Anthropocene. Environmental Science & Technology, 53, 7177-7179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] 任源, 吴丰昌, 冯承莲, 等. 淡水环境中微塑料的污染现状与研究展望[J]. 环境科学研究, 2018, 31(1): 1-10.
[30] Evangeliou, N., Grythe, H., Klimont, Z., Heyes, C., Eckhardt, S., Lopez-Aparicio, S., et al. (2020) Atmospheric Transport Is a Major Pathway of Microplastics to Remote Regions. Nature Communications, 11, Article No. 3381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]