清代实证考据对昆仑文化的丰容

The Enrichment of Kunlun Culture through Empirical Research in the Qing Dynasty

摘要: 昆仑文化历史悠久且研究范畴广泛，自汉唐至明代始终处于动态发展的过程中，却多因袭旧文缺乏实证支撑而长期未能触及地理与文化本质。清代考据学兴起后，昆仑文化研究受到“重实证、崇古而不泥古”的影响，学者们采用文献梳理与实地勘测相结合的方法深入探究昆仑地望、河源、物产等核心议题，这一时期对昆仑文化的考据行为与国家疆域治理紧密结合。在这种思潮的影响下，昆仑文化在文学艺术领域内也转向写实，昆仑神话叙事逐渐在现实的西部找到落脚点，昆仑意象从虚幻的精神寄托逐渐转变为承载家国情怀的文化符号。但同样我们可以看到，清代考据学在推动昆仑文化转型的过程中也存在局限，昆仑文化的神秘性与神话多元性在一定程度上被削弱，因此在实证的严谨性与神话的开放性之间找到平衡就显得尤为重要。

Abstract: The history of Kunlun culture is long and its research scope is broad. From the Han and Tang dynasties to the Ming dynasty, it has been in a dynamic development process, yet it has long failed to touch the geographical and cultural essence due to reliance on old texts lacking empirical support. After the rise of textual criticism in the Qing dynasty, the research on Kunlun culture was influenced by a focus on “empirical evidence, reverence for antiquity without being bound by it.” Scholars employed a method combining literature sorting and field investigations to delve into core issues such as the Kunlun geographical location, river sources, and products. During this period, the textual research on Kunlun culture was closely linked with national territorial governance. Under the influence of this thought, Kunlun culture also shifted towards realism in the fields of literature and art, and the narrative of Kunlun mythology gradually found a foothold in the real Western regions. The Kunlun imagery transitioned from an illusory spiritual sustenance into a cultural symbol bearing national sentiments. However, we can also see that the limitations of Qing dynasty textual criticism in promoting the transformation of Kunlun culture exist; the mystery and mythological diversity of Kunlun culture have been somewhat diminished. Therefore, finding a balance between the rigor of empirical evidence and the openness of mythology becomes particularly important.