免疫疗法：关于神经胶质瘤的新兴治疗方法
Immunotherapy: An Emerging Treatment Approach for Glioma
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.15102982, PDF,   
作者: 闫亚军, 左旗旗, 王文星, 吴 航*：西安医学院研究生工作部，陕西 西安
关键词: 免疫治疗；神经胶质瘤；ICB；CAR-T；溶瘤病毒；疫苗；Immunotherapy； Glioma； ICB； CAR-T； Oncolytic Viruses； Vaccine
摘要: 胶质瘤作为全球发病率最高的原发性恶性脑肿瘤，其中胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是其最为常见且恶性程度最高的亚型。尽管过去二十年间针对GBM的新型治疗策略一直在持续研发，但在延长患者生存期方面仍未取得显著突破。许多障碍阻碍了GBM的有效治疗，包括免疫抑制肿瘤微环境(TME)、血脑屏障和广泛的异质性。尽管面临上述挑战，但免疫治疗已成为一种颇具前景的研究方向，并有望为这类肿瘤的治疗开辟新的途径。目前针对神经胶质瘤的免疫干预策略主要包括以下四类：免疫检查点抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法(CAR-T)、肿瘤疫苗以及溶瘤病毒。此外，本文还简要介绍了基因治疗、双特异性抗体治疗和联合治疗。许多研究都强调了TME在免疫治疗过程中的重要作用。尽管免疫疗法是一种很有前途的神经胶质瘤治疗方法，但需要付出巨大的努力来克服其成功的现有障碍。鉴于胶质瘤免疫疗法的快速发展日益受到关注，本文旨在综述胶质瘤免疫疗法的最新进展。
Abstract: Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor worldwide, and glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive subtype. Despite continuous development of novel treatment strategies for GBM over the past two decades, no significant breakthrough has been made in extending patient survival. Several obstacles hinder the effective treatment of GBM, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), the blood-brain barrier, and extensive heterogeneity. Despite these challenges, immunotherapy has become a promising research direction and holds potential for opening new avenues for the treatment of such tumors. Currently, immunotherapeutic strategies for gliomas mainly include four types: immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T), tumor vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. Additionally, this article briefly discusses gene therapy, bispecific antibody therapy, and combination treatments. Many studies emphasize the crucial role of TME in the immunotherapy process. Although immunotherapy is a promising approach for treating gliomas, substantial efforts are required to overcome the existing barriers to its success. Given the rapid development and growing attention to glioma immunotherapy, this article aims to review the latest progress in glioma immunotherapy.
文章引用：闫亚军, 左旗旗, 王文星, 吴航. 免疫疗法：关于神经胶质瘤的新兴治疗方法[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(10): 2053-2059. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.15102982

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