认同、资源与权力：蜀汉覆亡之际的南迁困局

Identity, Resources, and Power: The Dilemma of Southward Migration for the Shu Han at the Time of Its Fall

摘要: 蜀汉立国四十余载，却速亡于一支深入国境的孤军，后主未循古蜀开明氏南迁之先例，亦未有臣民辗转抵抗或者另立新君之事，这归咎于多年来政治诉求不能实现，国家认同趋于消解。蜀汉向来宣示承继汉制，自然要接管汉家所谓的“西南夷”以及继承刘焉、刘璋父子时期的政治遗产，然而过度取用南中资源造成了民心不附，使其丧失了作为迁播之地的基础。后期无人总摄军政导致多种势力入局分化权力，以至于魏军兵临成都城下之际无法组织南迁。

Abstract: The Shu Han Dynasty existed for over forty years, yet fell quickly to an isolated enemy force that penetrated deep into its territory. The Later Lord did not follow the precedent of the ancient Shu Kaiming clan migrating southward, nor were there any acts of subjects continuing resistance or installing a new monarch. This outcome was attributed to the failure to fulfill its political aspirations over the years and the gradual dissolution of national identity. The Shu Han had always declared its inheritance of the Han Dynasty’s institutions, naturally taking over the so-called “Southwest Yi” under the Han Dynasty’s jurisdiction and inheriting the political legacy of Liu Yan and his son Liu Zhang. However, its excessive exploitation of resources in Nanzhong led to the loss of popular support, depriving it of the foundation to use Nanzhong as a place for migration and continuation. In its later period, there was no one in overall charge of military and political affairs, leading to the involvement of various forces that divided power. As a result, the Shu Han was unable to organize a southward migration when the Wei army approached the city of Chengdu.