中国农村人口老龄化现状、影响与应对策略探究

Research on the Current Situation, Influence and Coping Strategies of Rural Population Aging in China

摘要: 世界人口已发生深刻转变，人口老龄化已经成为二十一世纪世界各国共同面临的严峻社会问题。我国作为世界上老年人口最多的大国，人口老龄化趋势发展迅速、规模庞大、“未富先老”等具有极其典型的国家特征，对经济和经济社会发展将产生全方位的深刻影响。本文运用文献法、数据分析法和比较法，总结中国农村人口老龄化的形成和现状，探讨人口老龄化在影响劳动就业规模、消费及储蓄模式、养老保障体系、家庭模式、医疗卫生及社会文化等领域产生的多重效应，借鉴日本、美国等国家的经验并结合中国农村的国情状况，探索实现人口均衡发展的路径，从健全和完善养老保障体系、拓展社会化养老服务、发挥老年人力资源潜力、营造老年友好氛围等四个方面寻求解决人口老龄化问题的办法，更好地促进人口结构公平转换，维护人口均衡发展态势。

Abstract: The world population has undergone profound changes, and population aging has become a serious social problem faced by all countries in the world in the 21st century. As the world’s largest country with the largest elderly population, China’s aging population trend is developing rapidly, the scale is huge, and “getting old before getting rich” has extremely typical national characteristics, which will have a comprehensive and profound impact on economic and social development. This paper uses the literature method, data analysis method and comparative method to summarize the formation and current situation of China’s population aging, and discusses the multiple effects of population aging in the fields of labor employment scale, consumption and savings model, old-age security system, family model, medical and health care and social culture. Drawing on the experience of Japan, the United States and other countries and combining with China’s national conditions, this paper explores the path to achieve balanced population development, and seeks solutions to the problem of population aging from four aspects: improving and perfecting the old-age security system, expanding socialized old-age care services, giving full play to the potential of elderly human resources, and creating a friendly atmosphere for the elderly. Better promote the fair transformation of population structure and maintain the balanced development of the population.