我国个人养老金设计与管理优化研究——基于国际比较视角的分析

Research on the Design and Management Optimization of Personal Pension in China—Analysis Based on an International Comparative Perspective

摘要: 建立个人养老金制度既是第三支柱养老保险制度的核心内容，也是积极应对人口老龄化的重要举措。2022年我国建立个人养老金制度，截至2024年6月开户超6000万户，但普及率低、缴存规模小、投资保守，与第一、二支柱差距明显，制度面临多重挑战。本文基于国际比较视角，对比分析德国与美国个人养老金制度的设计与管理，基于二者在税收优惠政策、养老金监管、投资渠道上的经验，提出促进我国个人养老金发展的启示和建议，以优化现行制度、完善多层次养老保障体系。

Abstract: Establishing a personal pension system is not only the core content of the third pillar of the old-age insurance system but also an important measure to actively respond to population aging. China established the individual pension system in 2022. As of June 2024, over 60 million accounts have been opened. However, the penetration rate is low, the contribution scale is small, and the investment is conservative. There is a significant gap compared with the first and second pillars, and the system is facing multiple challenges. This article, from an international comparative perspective, conducts a comparative analysis of the design and management of individual pension systems in Germany and the United States. Based on their experiences in tax preferential policies, pension supervision, and investment channels, they put forward inspirations and suggestions for promoting the development of individual pensions in China in order to optimize the current system and improve the multi-level pension security system.