信任成本与交易效率：电商支付误操作损失分担规则的经济逻辑与机制优化

Trust Cost and Transaction Efficiency: The Economic Logic and Mechanism Optimization of the Loss-Sharing Rule for E-Commerce Payment Errors

摘要: 电商支付的误操作纠纷是抬高信任成本、抑制交易效率的关键瓶颈。本文融合法律与经济分析视角，剖析了误操作的类型生成机理与法律定性，并实证揭示了其引发的消费者信任衰减、商户现金流压力、平台治理成本攀升等多维经济冲击。研究指出，现行规则因责任认定模糊与救济渠道低效，难以应对电商生态的复杂性。为此，本文创新性地提出：构建“系统安全性推定过错”与“情境化理性人”注意义务相结合的过错认定标准，设计以平台承担主要责任、配套先行赔付与追偿机制的分级损失分担规则，建立整合平台内部处理、行业协同及平台治理工具的“一站式”救济路径。该机制框架旨在降低电商生态的系统性交易成本，为构建激励相容、多元共治的支付风险治理体系提供理论支撑与可操作的解决方案。

Abstract: The disputes over e-commerce payment errors are the key bottleneck that raises trust costs and restrains transaction efficiency. This study integrates legal and economic analytical perspectives to dissect the typology, generative mechanisms, and legal implications of erroneous operations in e-commerce payments. It empirically reveals the multi-dimensional economic impacts triggered by such errors, including diminished consumer trust, increased cash flow pressure on merchants, and rising governance costs for platforms. The research identifies that current regulatory frameworks struggle to address the complexities of the e-commerce ecosystem due to ambiguous liability determinations and inefficient dispute resolution channels. In response, this paper innovatively proposes: A fault determination standard that combines a “presumption of fault based on system security” with a “contextualized reasonable person” duty of care; A tiered loss-sharing rule assigning primary liability to platforms, supported by an advance compensation and recovery mechanism; An “integrated one-stop” relief pathway incorporating internal platform processing, industry-wide coordination, and platform governance tools. This mechanism framework aims to reduce the systemic transaction costs of the e-commerce ecosystem and provide theoretical support and practical solutions for building an incentive-compatible and multi-party governance payment risk management system.