关于电子商务平台的责任研究

Research on the Responsibilities of E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 本文以中国电子商务的飞速发展与《中华人民共和国电子商务法》的出台为背景，聚焦电子商务平台责任承担这一核心议题。分析了电子商务平台从“技术中介”到“关键治理者”的角色演变，及其所兼具的“市场”与“监管”双重属性。在此基础上，文章系统梳理了平台直接侵权与间接侵权二元责任体系，并重点剖析了其核心责任形态以及平台责任在实践中面临的理论困境与挑战，为应对这些挑战，提出体系化的完善路径，通过“清单化 + 梯度化”规则重构“明知”、“应知”认定标准，实现过错与责任相匹配。将特殊商品的“相应责任”明确为“过错推定责任”，以平衡举证责任分配；区分一般审查与特殊商品的审查模式，建立“事前准入–事中抽检–事后响应”的审查流程。最终，通过构建政企业协同共治的格局，旨在为构建一个公平、安全、可持续的电子商务生态提供法理支持与实务参考。

Abstract: This article, against the backdrop of the rapid development of China’s e-commerce industry and the promulgation of “E-Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China”, focuses on the core issue of the responsibility assumption of e-commerce platforms. It analyzes the profound evolution of the platform’s role from a “technical intermediary” to a “key regulator”, as well as its dual attributes of market and regulation. On this basis, the article systematically examines the dual liability system of platforms for direct and indirect infringement, focusing on its core liability forms and the theoretical dilemmas and challenges facing platform liability in practice. To address these challenges, the article proposes a systematic approach to improvement. Through a “list-based + gradient” approach, the criteria for determining “knowing” and “ought to have known” are reconstructed to achieve a proper balance between fault and liability. The “corresponding liability” for special products is clarified as “presumed fault liability” to balance the burden of proof. A distinction is made between general and special product review models, establishing a review process of “pre-approval-in-process spot checks-post-event response”. Ultimately, by fostering a collaborative governance framework between government and businesses, the article aims to provide legal support and practical reference for building a fair, secure, and sustainable e-commerce ecosystem.