启蒙运动与德意志美学精神的构建

The Enlightenment and the Construction of German Aesthetic Spirit

摘要: 近代德意志与欧洲其他国家有着不同的政治处境，在英、法两国早已建立起统一民族国家的时候，德意志地区还在神圣罗马帝国的虚名之下，经受着邦国林立、诸侯割据的分裂局面。因此，比起英、法两国所提倡的普遍理性，启蒙精神在德意志又多了一层发扬民族文化的内涵。德意志启蒙运动时期的思想家、美学家与文学家，更注重于民族文化的探寻，并致力于自身民族文学的构建，想要通过文化建设的手段来增强德意志民族的凝聚力。本文运用思想史研究的方法，对德意志启蒙运动时期的美学文本进行研究，揭示其对构建德意志美学精神的重要意义。

Abstract: Modern Germany had a different political situation from other European countries. While Britain and France had already established unified nation-states, the German region was still under the nominal name of the Holy Roman Empire, enduring a fragmented situation with numerous states and local lords. Therefore, compared to the universal rationality advocated by Britain and France, the spirit of enlightenment in Germany had an additional layer of promotion of the cultural heritage of the nation. During the German Enlightenment period, the thinkers, aestheticians, and literary figures focused more on the exploration of national culture and dedicated themselves to the construction of their own national literature, aiming to enhance the cohesion of the German nation through cultural construction. This article uses the method of historical thought research to study the aesthetic texts of the German Enlightenment period, revealing their significant importance in constructing the aesthetic spirit of Germany.