“V + 他/个 + NumP”结构中“他”和“个”的句法分析

A Syntactic Analysis of Ta and Ge in the “V + Ta/Ge + NumP” Construction

摘要: 本文在最简方案的框架下，对“V + 他/个 + NumP”结构进行句法–语用接口研究。研究发现，“他”和“个”作为语法化成分，在非正式语体中具有双重语用功能，即表示主观量，又传递情感态度。通过句法操作分析表明，二者虽均需与数量短语初次合并，但合并的位置与方式不同。“个”作为附加语与NumP合并，不触发投射，合并后的成分仍是数量短语，而“他”被定义为轻代词，从基础位置“D”移位至轻代词“d”的位置后投射为dP，最后再与动词结合生成vP语段。这一发现验证了特殊结构的语用功能如情感表达可通过特定句法结构实现，深化了对汉语句法–语用映射关系的认识。

Abstract: Taking the Minimalist Program as its theoretical framework, this paper conducts a syntactic-pragmatic interface study of the “V + ta/ge + NumP” construction. The research finds that ta and ge, which belong to the domain of pragmatic elements, function to denote subjective quantity and express attitudes and emotions. Syntactically, they both take quantity expressions as their target at the stage of first Merge, but their place and manner of Merge are not the same. Specifically, ge functions as an adjunct merging with NumP without triggering projection, leaving the merged constituent still a numeral phrase. In contrast, ta is defined as a light pronoun, moving from its base position “D” to the light pronoun “d” position, projecting as a dP before finally combining with the verb to form a vP phase. This finding confirms that pragmatic functions, such as emotional expression in special constructions, can be realized through specific syntactic structures.