数字时代非羁押性强制措施的适用研究

Research on the Application of Non-Custodial Compulsory Measures in the Digital Age

摘要: 数字技术的深入发展为我国非羁押性强制措施的适用带来了变革。电子定位监控、智能监管平台、以及基于大数据的社会危险性量化评估系统等技术的应用，有效弥补了传统监管流于形式、资源耗费大等缺陷，显著降低了审前羁押率和监管成本，并增强了法律监督的穿透力。然而，这种技术驱动的变革也面临严峻的法律挑战：现有法律规范供给不足，技术应用缺乏明确授权；数字监管强度可能违反比例原则，造成对权利的过度限制；算法歧视的隐蔽性扩张则对社会公平构成潜在威胁；个人隐私与信息保护面临数据过度采集与跨部门共享的侵蚀风险。应对这些挑战亟需通过立法明示数字化监管的合法性根基，建立基于社会危险性分级的评价体系以匹配监管强度，提升风险量化评估标准的透明度与可接受性，并完善被监管人权利救济途径。只有克服技术与法律融合中的问题，非羁押性强制措施的数字化转型才能既提升监管效能，又切实保障公民权利，实现刑事司法治理现代化的目标。

Abstract: The in-depth development of digital technology has brought transformative changes to the application of non-custodial compulsory measures in China. The adoption of technologies such as electronic location monitoring, intelligent supervision platforms, and big data-based quantitative risk assessment systems has effectively addressed the shortcomings of traditional supervision methods, which were often superficial and resource-intensive. These advancements have significantly reduced pre-trial detention rates and supervision costs while enhancing the penetrative capacity of legal oversight. However, this technology-driven transformation also faces serious legal challenges: existing legal frameworks are insufficient, and the application of technology lacks explicit authorization; the intensity of digital supervision may violate the principle of proportionality, leading to excessive restrictions on rights; the insidious expansion of algorithmic discrimination poses a potential threat to social equity; and personal privacy and information protection are at risk due to excessive data collection and cross-departmental sharing. Addressing these challenges requires legislative clarification of the legal foundation for digital supervision, establishing a tiered evaluation system based on social risk levels to match supervision intensity, improving the transparency and acceptability of risk assessment standards, and enhancing channels for redress for those under supervision. Only by overcoming the issues in the integration of technology and law can the digital transformation of non-custodial compulsory measures both improve supervisory efficiency and effectively safeguard citizens’ rights, thereby achieving the goal of modernizing criminal justice governance.