“公民同招”政策实施现状、问题及优化路径研究

Research on the Implementation Status, Issues, and Optimization Pathways of the “Public and Private Schools Simultaneous Enrollment” Policy

摘要: 所谓“公民同招”，是指义务教育阶段的公办与民办学校实行同步招生机制，即在报名、录取及学籍注册等环节统一时间进行，严禁任何形式的提前招生。根据政策要求，民办义务教育学校的招生工作须纳入审批地教育行政部门的统一管理，与公办学校同步开展；若某校报名人数超出其招生计划，则采取电脑随机派位的方式确定录取名单。该政策旨在制约热门民办中小学通过点招、测评或面试等途径提前筛选、争抢优质生源的行为，从而缓解义务教育阶段的“择校热”，推动教育公平的实现。近年来，为治理择校问题并促进教育公平，各地政府对公办初中和小学严格执行免试就近入学政策，彻底杜绝任何形式的选拔性招生考试。

Abstract: The so-called “citizen enrollment” refers to the synchronous registration, enrollment, and enrollment of students by both public and private schools during the compulsory education stage, and the prohibition of organizing enrollment in advance. The enrollment of private compulsory education schools shall be subject to unified management in the approval area, and enrollment shall be synchronized with that of public schools. For those whose enrollment exceeds the enrollment plan, computer-based random enrollment shall be implemented. The main function of “Citizen Recruitment” is to restrict popular private primary and secondary schools from using methods, such as point recruitment, evaluation, or interviews to compete for outstanding students in advance, with the goal of reducing the “school selection fever” in compulsory education and promoting educational equity. In recent years, in the governance of school selection and the resolution of education equity issues, local governments have adopted strict policies for public primary and junior high schools to enroll students nearby without taking exams, completely prohibiting the selection of students through testing and other methods.