隧道围岩超挖识别与力学响应预测方法研究

Research on Identification of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Over-Excavation and Prediction of Mechanical Response

摘要: 隧道围岩超欠挖是影响隧道施工质量与长期稳定性的关键问题。本文结合三维激光扫描技术与数值模拟方法，开展围岩超挖识别与力学响应预测研究。通过实际隧道工程点云数据采集与处理，实现超欠挖区域的高精度识别与量化分析；利用ABAQUS建立数值模型，分析不同超挖深度与范围对拱顶竖向位移的影响规律；最终构建基于算法模型的力学响应预测架构，实现对拱顶位移的预测。研究成果为隧道施工质量控制与风险识别提供了技术支撑，具有较强的工程应用价值和理论意义。

Abstract: Over-excavation and under-excavation of tunnel surrounding rock are critical issues affecting both construction quality and long-term stability. This study integrates 3D laser scanning technology and numerical simulation methods to investigate the identification of surrounding rock over-excavation and the prediction of its mechanical response. Through the acquisition and processing of point cloud data from an actual tunnel project, high-precision identification and quantitative analysis of over-excavation and under-excavation areas are achieved. A numerical model is established using ABAQUS to analyze the influence of different over-excavation depths and ranges on the vertical displacement of the tunnel vault. Finally, a prediction framework based on a machine learning model is constructed to forecast vault displacement. The research results provide technical support for quality control and risk identification in tunnel construction, demonstrating significant practical application value and theoretical importance.