基于改革后的托福口语考试研究——2026年1月版本综述与备考指南

A Study of the New TOEFL Speaking—Overview and Study Guide of TOEFL Speaking for the January 2026 Edition

摘要: 自2026年1月21日起，ETS将对托福iBT (TOEFL iBT)考试进行重大改革：考试采用更贴近现代学术场景的题材、在阅听两部分引入分段自适应设计，并对评分尺度与题型进行了整体调整。其中口语部分由原有的“一项独立口语题 + 多项综合口语题”整体重构为以“Listen and Repeat (听后复述)”与“Take an Interview (虚拟面试)”为主的新题型，评分尺度改为1~6 (0.5为步长，且在两年过渡期内，ETS依然将提供对应的120分换算分值)，并结合ETS的自动评分引擎与人工复核流程。本文先回顾托福口语的发展脉络，再详述2026年1月21日后口语题型与评分机制，对中国考生可能带来的影响与机遇进行分析，并给出针对性的备考建议。

Abstract: Starting from January 21, 2026, ETS will implement major reforms to the TOEFL iBT. The exam will adopt content that more closely reflects modern academic contexts, introduce a multistage adaptive design in both the reading and listening sections, and make overall adjustments to the scoring scale and task types. In the speaking section, the original structure of “one independent speaking task + several integrated speaking tasks” will be fully restructured into new formats centered on “Listen and Repeat” and “Take an Interview.” The scoring scale will change to 1~6 (with 0.5 increments, and during a two-year transition period, ETS will continue to provide a conversion to the familiar 120-point scale). Scoring will combine ETS’s automated scoring engine with human review. This article first reviews the development of TOEFL Speaking, then explains in detail the new task types and scoring mechanisms after January 21, 2026, analyzes the potential impacts and opportunities for Chinese test-takers, and finally offers targeted preparation strategies.