不同语言加工中的语音预测效应：回顾与展望

Phonological Prediction Effects in Different Language Processing: Review and Outlook

摘要: 在言语交流的过程中，人们在听到某些内容之前，常常会根据情景和常识预先激活与之相关的语义、句法和语音信息。句法和语义信息的预测在许多研究中已经被证实，但关于语音信息的预测情况还未形成统一的结论。因此，本文旨在梳理近年来学界对于语音信息预测的研究情况。本文介绍了母语背景以及二语背景下语音信息预测的相关实验研究，并分析语音信息预测过程中可能存在的机制。本文还对未来研究提出建议：1) 重视汉语特色，应更多关注汉语音段以及声调在预测过程中的作用；2) 关注二语研究，重视语音信息在二语中的表现；3) 探究语音信息预测背后存在的机制，拓展以西方语言为基础的理论模型，推动本土理论国际化。

Abstract: During verbal communication, people often predict semantic, syntactic, and phonological information related to upcoming content based on contextual and general knowledge. While the prediction of syntactic and semantic information has been widely demonstrated in numerous studies, the extent and nature of phonological prediction remain subjects of ongoing debate. This article aims to review recent research on the prediction of phonological information in language processing. It presents empirical studies conducted in both first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) contexts and examines the potential mechanisms underlying phonological prediction. Furthermore, the article proposes several directions for future research: 1) placing greater emphasis on the distinctive features of Chinese, particularly the role of segments and tones in the prediction process; 2) increasing attention to L2 studies to better understand how phonological prediction operates in a second language; and 3) investigating the mechanisms underpinning phonological prediction, expanding theoretical models primarily based on Western languages, and promoting the internationalization of local theoretical frameworks.