基于黄土高原聚湫沉积物重建侵蚀历史与人地关系的研究进展
Advances in Reconstructing Erosion History and Human-Land Interactions from Natural Check Dam Deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau
DOI: 10.12677/ag.2025.1510131, PDF,   
作者: 肖俊强*：桂林理工大学地球科学学院，广西 桂林；湖南文理学院地理科学与旅游学院，湖南 常德；王紫譞, 祖明月：桂林理工大学地球科学学院，广西 桂林
关键词: 聚湫(淤地坝)；土壤侵蚀；人地关系；黄土高原；Gully-Pond (Natural Check Dam)； Soil Erosion； Human-Land Relationships； Loess Plateau
摘要: 土壤侵蚀是流域物质–能量–信息传输的关键过程，受降水、地形、土壤特性和人类活动等多因子耦合作用影响，对区域生态安全与黄河泥沙输送具有深远影响。黄土高原以其厚层黄土覆盖与丘陵–沟壑地貌，为研究事件尺度到年代尺度的侵蚀过程提供了天然实验场。聚湫(由滑坡/崩塌堵塞沟谷形成的天然淤地坝)沉积因“源一体化、层理清晰、旋回性强、保存完整”的特征，可将每次暴雨——侵蚀事件在剖面中以下粗上细的沉积旋回记录下来，成为重建近代——历史期土壤侵蚀与人地关系的高分辨陆地档案。在聚湫研究的物理、地球化学与生物学特征及其在旋回划分、交叉定年与环境解释中的应用的基础上。基于旋回产沙模数与年际暴雨量构建的双累积曲线，可在统计上分离气候驱动与人为干预并识别异常年份；靖边与合水等案例表明不同地貌–气候背景下人类活动对侵蚀响应存在显著差异，与此同时，交叉定年、产沙量计算等方面的误差表明该方法还有一定的局限性，需改进后方可加以推广。
Abstract: Soil erosion is a key process of material-energy-information transfer within catchments, driven by the coupled effects of precipitation, topography, soil properties and human activities, and it exerts a profound influence on regional ecological security and sediment delivery to the Yellow River. The Chinese Loess Plateau, with its thick loess cover and highly dissected hill-gully topography, provides a natural laboratory for studying erosion processes from event to decadal scales. Jujiu (natural check dam) deposits—formed when landslides or slope collapses block gullies—are characterized by a single sediment source, clear stratification, pronounced coarsening–fining couplets and good preservation; they therefore record individual storm-driven erosion-sedimentation events in high resolution and serve as valuable archives for reconstructing modern-historical erosion and human-land interactions. Building on the physical, geochemical and biological signatures used in jujiu studies and their application to couplet delineation, cross-dating and environmental interpretation, we show that a double-cumulative-curve approach (cumulative annual sediment production vs. cumulative interannual storm rainfall) can statistically separate climatic forcing from anthropogenic disturbance and identify anomalous years. Case studies from Jingbian and Heshui demonstrate that human impacts on erosion differ markedly with geomorphologic and climatic context. At the same time, dating uncertainties and errors in sediment-conversion calculations indicate methodological limitations that must be addressed before wider application.
文章引用：肖俊强, 王紫譞, 祖明月. 基于黄土高原聚湫沉积物重建侵蚀历史与人地关系的研究进展[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2025, 15(10): 1413-1420. https://doi.org/10.12677/ag.2025.1510131

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