新型耗能技术在抗震加固中的应用研究综述

Reviewing the Application of Innovative Energy Dissipation Technologies in Seismic Reinforcement

摘要: 本文针对传统抗震结构残余变形大、非延性RC框架脆性破坏风险高等问题，系统研究了SMA-摩擦复合装置、分级屈服型金属阻尼器及CFRP加固技术三类新型耗能装置的协同优化机制。通过理论分析、数值模拟(ABAQUS)及工程案例验证(黄山市医院、上海中心大厦、福州工业厂房等)，揭示了三类装置的技术特性与工程局限：SMA-摩擦复合装置通过超弹性相变与摩擦耗能协同实现“耗能–自复位”功能，可将残余位移降低60%以上，但存在高频荷载下耗能衰减、盐雾腐蚀退化及成本高等问题；分级屈服型金属阻尼器通过双环形金属单元串联实现分阶段耗能机制，内环在小震阶段会优先屈服以提供初始刚度，外环在罕遇地震阶段下联合耗能来使滞回环面积扩大，耗能占比达75%左右，但需注意控制面外屈曲风险以及分阶段激活的时序精度；CFRP加固技术通过约束混凝土显著提升了非延性框架延性与耗能能力，但界面剥离风险制约长期性能。针对上述瓶颈，在提出材料改性、智能算法调控及工业化集成等协同优化路径后，实现成本降低、高频耗能稳定、界面粘结强度提升等突破。工程验证表明，优化后装置在残余位移控制、施工效率及全生命周期性能稳定性方面显著优于传统技术，为结构抗震加固提供了系统性解决方案。

Abstract: This study addresses significant residual deformations in traditional seismic structures and the brittle failure risks in non-ductile RC frames. It systematically investigates the synergistic optimization of three energy-dissipation technologies: SMA-friction composite devices, graded yield metal dampers, and CFRP strengthening. Validated through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation (ABAQUS), and engineering cases (e.g., Huangshan City Hospital, Shanghai Tower), the key findings and limitations are highlighted. The SMA-friction device reduces residual displacements by over 60% via super elasticity and friction but faces decay under high-frequency loads and corrosion issues. Graded yield metal dampers utilize a series of dual-ring metallic units to achieve a staged energy dissipation mechanism. The inner ring yields preferentially during minor earthquakes to provide initial stiffness, while the outer ring activates in rare major earthquake events to dissipate energy jointly, thereby expanding the area of the hysteresis loop. The graded yield damper employs dual ring units for staged energy dissipation (75% efficiency) yet risks out-of-plane buckling. CFRP strengthening technology significantly enhances the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of non-ductile frames by providing confinement to concrete, yet the risk of interfacial debonding constrains its long-term performance. Optimization strategies-material modification, intelligent algorithms, and industrialized integration-effectively reduce cost, improve stability, and enhance bond strength. These strategies demonstrate superior performance in residual displacement control and life-cycle stability compared to traditional methods, thereby providing a systematic solution for structural seismic retrofitting.