基于自建新闻语料库的隐喻研究：女性更年期的概念映射与社会文化建构

Metaphor Research Based on Self-Built News Corpus: Conceptual Mapping and Sociocultural Construction of Menopause

摘要: 更年期是女性生命中无法绕过的一个阶段，媒体怎么讲述这个话题会直接影响人们的看法。本文用MIPVU隐喻识别程序分析了2021到2025年间44篇更年期相关新闻，梳理出了六种常见的表达方式。媒体将更年期形容成一段“旅程”，把女性这个时期的经历当作人生路上必须走过的一段。像“筑牢根基”这样的建筑隐喻，把健康管理当成盖房子，把身体的基础打好。自然隐喻的“断崖式下降”，会让人感觉到激素变化特别激烈。还有把女性身体比作机器的，需要定期保养维修的机器隐喻。战争隐喻则透着对抗的意思。最有趣的是拟人化表达，如月经“出走”了、身体开始“作妖”，这些生活化的词让原本很抽象的生理变化变得很生动和形象。这六种表达方式刻画出了更年期的不同层面。它既是女性人生必经的一个阶段，也是需要医学关注的身体变化。媒体的隐喻方式不仅会影响人们怎么女性正在经历的事情，也会改变整个社会对更年期女性的认知和看法。

Abstract: Menopause is an inevitable stage that all women must face, and the way media discusses this subject directly influences how people view it. This research used the MIPVU metaphor identification method to analyze 44 news articles about menopause published between 2021 and 2025, identifying six common ways of describing this topic. Media outlets describe menopause as a “旅程” (journey), viewing women’s experiences during this time as a path they must walk through in life. Building metaphors like “筑牢根基” (laying solid groundwork) treat health management like constructing a house, focusing on creating strong bodily foundations. Natural metaphors such as “断崖式下降” (steep cliff-like drop) make hormonal changes seem particularly intense and sudden. There are also comparisons between women’s bodies and machines that need regular care and fixing. Military metaphors suggest ideas of fighting and conflict. The most interesting are human-like descriptions, where menstruation “出走” (runs away) or the body starts “作妖” (misbehaving). These everyday expressions make complex body changes easier to picture and understand. These six description methods show different sides of menopause. It is both a normal part of women’s lives and a physical change that doctors need to pay attention to. The way media uses these comparisons not only affects how people think about what women are going through, but it also changes how society sees and treats women during menopause.