应答语“没关系”和“无所谓”的使用情境异同探析

A Comparative Analysis of the Usage Contexts of Response Expressions “Meiguanxi” and “Wusuowei”

摘要: “没关系”和“无所谓”有各自的发展脉络，“没关系”单独成句或成分句的情况逐渐增多，后逐渐凝固为典型的致歉应答语；“无所谓”历经主观化倾向，因此逐渐衍伸出作为应答语的功能，二者在一定语境下均能回应发话者。问卷调查设置了两种对话情境：长辈或家人的对话情境和与朋友的对话情境，不同礼貌值与亲密值影响二者的使用选择；“没关系”和“无所谓”一般回应场景为回应致歉、表达“不在乎”的主观态度和表示同意或拒绝建议。“没关系”和“无所谓”共同的语义特征为[+不在乎他人] [+否定自身受损]，利用语料对“没关系”和“无所谓”的表达语境进行对比分析，得知结果：在表达主观态度和表示同意的交际情境中能互换，而在回应致歉时更多使用“没关系”，在表示拒绝的场景中使用“无所谓”。

Abstract: “Meiguanxi” and “wusuowei” have their own development trajectories. The situation where “meiguanxi” forms a single sentence or a component sentence has gradually increased, and later it gradually solidified into a typical apology response. “Wusuowei” has gone through a subjective tendency and thus gradually evolved into the function of a response. Both can respond to the speaker in a certain context. The questionnaire survey set up two dialogue scenarios: the dialogue scenario with elders or family members and the dialogue scenario with friends. Different politeness values and intimacy values affect the choice of using both. The general response scenarios of “meiguanxi” and “wusuowei” are to respond to apologies, express a subjective attitude of “not caring”, and indicate agreement or rejection of suggestions. The common semantic features of “meiguanxi” and “wusuowei” are [+not caring about others] and [+denying one’s own damage]. By using the corpus to compare and analyze the expression contexts of “meiguanxi” and “wusuowei”, the result is obtained: In communication situations where subjective attitudes are expressed and agreements are given, they can be interchanged. However, when responding to apologies, “wusuowei” is more often used, while in scenarios where refusal is expressed, “meiguanxi” is employed.