术前雾化吸入布地奈德对降低肺叶切除患者术后并发症的临床分析
Clinical Analysis of Preoperative Nebulized Inhalation of Budesonide in Reducing Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Lobectomy
DOI: 10.12677/ns.2025.1410257, PDF, HTML, XML,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 姚紫燕, 翟玲玲*, 曹 炜:安徽医科大学第二附属医院胸外科,安徽 合肥
关键词: 糖皮质激素肺叶切除术布地奈德混悬液术前雾化Glucocorticoid Lobectomy Budesonide Suspension Preoperative Nebulization
摘要: 目的:术前使用布地奈德雾化吸入对肺叶切除患者术后肺部并发症的疗效评估。方法:回顾性分析2024年1月至2024年12月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院胸外科术前行布地奈德雾化吸入和不进行任何雾化治疗的肺叶切除患者各60例,对这些患者的术后引流量、疼痛时间、拔管时间、出院时间、肺漏气发生率、肺功能损失情况进行评估,结果:布地奈德吸入组相比对照组术后引流量更少[(1032 ± 187.67) mL vs (774 ± 178.23) mL, P = 0.012],术后疼痛持续时间短[(2.23 ± 0.78) d vs (1.78 ± 0.45) d, P = 0.023],拔管时间短[(4.23 ± 1.67) d vs (3.43 ± 0.98) d, P = 0.036],出院时间短[(5.76 ± 2.87) d vs (7.43 ± 1.89) d, P = 0.012],漏气发生率低(18.33% vs 2.00%, P = 0.043),肺功能恢复更快:FVC [(2.53 ± 0.71) L vs (3.03 ± 0.46) L, P = 0.009];FEV1 [(1.98 ± 0.65) L vs (2.64 ± 0.39) L, P = 0.004];FEV1/FVC [(78.22 ± 10.35) vs (87.13 ± 11.15), P = 0.031];FEV1 (%) [(83 ± 11.23) vs (88 ± 12.39), P = 0.042]。结论:术前布地奈德雾化吸入可以改善肺叶切除患者术后并发症的出现,降低护理负担,值得临床推广。
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative budesonide nebulized inhalation on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing lobectomy. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients who underwent lobectomy before budesonide nebulization inhalation and 60 patients who did not receive any nebulization therapy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2024 to December 2024. The postoperative drainage volume, pain duration, extubation time, incidence of pulmonary air leakage, and lung function loss of these patients were evaluated. Result: Compared with the control group, the budesonide inhalation group had less postoperative drainage volume [(1032 ± 187.67) mL vs (774 ± 178.23) mL, P = 0.012], and shorter postoperative pain duration [(2.23 ± 0.78) d vs (1.78 ± 0.45) d, P = 0.023].The extubation time was short [(4.23 ± 1.67) d vs (3.43 ± 0.98) d, P = 0.036], the discharge time was short [(5.76 ± 2.87) d vs (7.43 ± 1.89) d, P = 0.012], the incidence of air leakage was low (18.33% vs2.00%, P = 0.043), and the recovery of lung function was faster: FVC [(2.53 ± 0.71)L vs (3.03 ± 0.46)L, P = 0.009]; FEV1 [(1.98 ± 0.65) L vs (2.64 ± 0.39)L, P = 0.004]; FEV1 /FVC [(78.22 ± 10.35) vs (87.13 ± 11.15), P = 0.031]; FEV1 (%) [(83 ± 11.23) vs (88 ± 12.39), P = 0.042].Conclusion: Preoperative budesonide nebulized inhalation can improve the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing lobectomy, reduce the burden of nursing, and is worthy of clinical promotion.
文章引用:姚紫燕, 翟玲玲, 曹炜. 术前雾化吸入布地奈德对降低肺叶切除患者术后并发症的临床分析[J]. 护理学, 2025, 14(10): 1920-1925. https://doi.org/10.12677/ns.2025.1410257

1. 引言

肺癌是全球范围内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,据统计,2022年肺癌导致180万人死亡,其死亡人数远超其他癌症,是结直肠死亡人数的2倍多,乳腺癌死亡人数的3倍多[1]-[3]。2022年中国预计有106万例新发肺癌病例,预计有73.33万人死于肺癌,给人们的生命健康带来极大危害[4]。胸腔镜下肺叶切除术仍然是治疗浸润性肺癌的标准术式[5]。与此同时,肺叶切除也会给病人带来不小的创伤,术后病人出现咳嗽无力,痰量增多导致一系列并发症的出现,给术后病人的护理工作带来沉重负担[6],如何减轻肺叶切除带给病人的损伤成为一个重中之重的问题。有相关研究指出,术后雾化可以改善肺结节术后患者的肺部并发症的发生,帮助患者更好地恢复[7]。布地奈德作为一种常见的吸入性糖皮质激素,以雾化吸入方式给药,拥有强大的抗炎效用,可减轻气道粘膜水肿,抑制气道重塑,经常用于肺叶切除术后患者的恢复治疗[8]。但术前雾化吸入布地奈德是否可以进一步改善肺叶切除术后患者的相关并发症的发生尚不明确,本研究收集了2024年1月到2024年12月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院行肺叶切除患者共120例,根据术前是否应用布地奈德吸入治疗分为治疗组和对照组,评估术前雾化吸入布地奈德对肺叶切除患者的术后并发症的预防效果。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 一般资料

随机收集2024.01~2024.12在我院行肺叶切除患者共计120例,男性患者64位,女性患者56位,年龄为60~77岁(61.32 ± 8.21),收集的相关病人已经排除各种选择性偏倚,患者术前相关检查提示无手术禁忌,明确存在肺叶切除指征。

患者纳入标准:① 术前病理明确肺部结节为浸润性癌需行手术治疗;② 术前患者1个月内无呼吸系统疾病发生及药物使用;③ 手术完整切除肺叶,无其他部位转移者;④ 患者术前检查术前均已完善手术相关检查、符合手术指征并排除手术禁忌。⑤ 患者无布地奈德过敏者。⑥ 患者未患有影响肺功能相关疾病。所有患者均已签署知情同意书及手术知情同意书,相关文字资料已保存。患者一般资料见表1

Table 1. General information of patients with pulmonary nodules

1. 肺结节患者一般资料

临床资料

对照组(n = 60)

布地奈德吸入组(n = 60)

P值

年龄()

62.20 ± 13.29

63.03 ± 11.24

0.406

性别

0.583

34

30

26

30

吸烟史(%)

22 (36.67%)

24 (40.00%)

0.851

结节直径(mm)

33.12 ± 2.86

32.79 ± 3.15

0.632

BMI (kg/m2)

20.51 ± 1.29

21.08 ± 1.18

0.103

术前肺功能

FVC (L)

3.73 ± 1.29

3.62 ± 0.78

0.621

FEV1 (L)

3.14 ± 1.16

3.01 ± 1.21

0.534

FEV1/FVC (%)

84.1 ± 10.98

83.1 ± 11.24

0.215

FEV1 (%)

98.72 ± 14.39

92.65 ± 15.34

0.136

2.2. 药品和方法

雾化药品配置方案:将吸入性布地奈德混悬液(怡坦舒) 2 ml与0.9%的氯化钠溶液5 ml混合后形成雾化液供病人雾化吸入。

吸入方案:布地奈德吸入组在术前三天每天2次使用配置好的雾化药品进行雾化吸入10 min,对照组术前三天不进行雾化吸入,其他术前准备保持一致。术后两组病人采用的治疗药物及护理方法均一致。

评估方法:对照组及布地奈德吸入组患者术后每天进行胸引瓶引流量、术后疼痛持续时间、拔管时间、肺漏气发生率的统计,出院前一天再次进行肺功能的评估。

2.3. 统计学方法

采用SPSS 19.0进行统计学分析,评价各组间差异。各组间差异比较采用Student’s t检验或单因素方差分析,采用“x ± s”表示;对两组数据之间的计数资料采用卡方检验进行统计学分析;P < 0.05表示具有统计学意义。

2.4. 手术切除方案

患者全部行单孔胸腔镜肺结节切除术,患者全麻后,予以侧卧位,消毒铺巾,采取第五肋腋前线至腋中线水平之间做切口,放入胸腔镜,胸腔镜下直线型手动切割闭合器进行肺叶切除术,清扫纵隔淋巴结,放置一根胸引管进行引流。

3. 结果

对照组及布地奈德吸入组共计120例患者均成功进行单肺叶切除术,均未出现严重术后并发症,两组患者均为相同手术医师行手术治疗。其中左上肺叶切除24例,左下肺叶切除30例,右上肺叶切除22例,右中肺叶切除18例,右下肺叶切除26例。其中鳞癌33例,腺癌87例。相较于对照组而言,布地奈德吸入组术后胸引瓶中的引流量少[(1032 ± 187.67) mL vs (774 ± 178.23) mL, P = 0.012],术后疼痛持续时间短[(2.23 ± 0.78) d vs (1.78 ± 0.45) d, P = 0.023],拔管时间短[(4.23 ± 1.67) d vs (3.43 ± 0.98) d, P = 0.036],出院时间短[(5.76 ± 2.87) d vs (7.43 ± 1.89) d, P = 0.012],漏气发生率低(18.33% vs2.00%, P = 0.043),肺功能恢复更快:FVC [(2.53 ± 0.71)L vs (3.03 ± 0.46)L, P = 0.009];FEV1 [(1.98 ± 0.65)L vs (2.64 ± 0.39) L, P = 0.004];FEV1/FVC [(78.22 ± 10.35) vs (87.13 ± 11.15), P = 0.031]; FEV1 (%) [(83 ± 11.23) vs (88 ± 12.39), P = 0.042] (见表2)。

Table 2. The relevant results, complications and nature of nodules in patients with pulmonary nodule localization

2. 对照组及布地奈德吸入组患者相关结果

临床资料

对照组(n = 180)

布地奈德吸入组(n = 170)

P值

术后引流量(mL)

1032 ± 187.67

774 ± 178.23

0.012

术后拔管时间(d)

4.23 ± 1.67

3.43 ± 0.98

0.036

出院时间

5.76 ± 2.87

7.43 ± 1.89

0.012

术后疼痛持续时间(d)

2.23 ± 0.78

1.78 ± 0.45

0.023

肺漏气发生率(%)

11 (18.33%)

3 (2.00%)

0.043

病理类型

0.683

腺癌

42

45

鳞癌

18

15

肿瘤分布情况

左上肺

11

13

0.820

左下肺

13

17

0.528

右上肺

13

9

0.480

右中肺

9

9

>0.999

右下肺

14

12

0.825

术后肺功能

FVC (L)

2.53 ± 0.71

3.03 ± 0.46

0.009

FEV1 (L)

1.98 ± 0.65

2.64 ± 0.39

0.004

FEV1/FVC (L)

78.22 ± 10.35

87.13 ± 11.15

0.031

FEV1 (%)

83 ± 11.23

88 ± 12.39

0.042

4. 讨论

肺叶切除作为可行手术治疗的肺癌患者的金标准术式,在临床应用广泛[9]。但肺叶切除术后患者呼吸道中存在大量分泌物,切口疼痛感以及咳嗽无力导致呼吸道中存在大量痰液,不及时排除会引起肺部感染、肺不张和氧饱和度降低甚至急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)等严重并发症[10]-[13]。不仅给患者带来巨大的身心痛苦及经济负担,也增加了临床护理工作的难度及工作量。布地奈德混悬液作为一种常用的吸入性糖皮质激素能够穿透靶细胞的细胞膜,与核内的糖皮质激素反应原件(GRE)结合[14],或者通过与核转录因子NF-KB和AP-1直接相互作用从而抑制呼吸道炎症反应,减轻呼吸道高反应性,缓解支气管痉挛等作用,促使患者进行排除肺分泌物[15] [16]。在既往研究中,已经证实了布地奈德混悬液在胸外科手术术后使用能够减少肺部并发症的出现,降低胸外科术后病人的护理难度及工作量[17]。在本研究中我们探讨了术前使用布地奈德混悬液对肺叶切除病人术后恢复的影响,根据本研究显示,术前应用布地奈德混悬液进行雾化吸入使患者术后引流量更少,疼痛时间持续更短、术后拔管时间更短,出院时间更短,肺漏气发生率更低、肺功能恢复更快,这大大缩短了护理时间,同时也减低了护理难度。目前也有其他研究提示胸外科术前应用雾化措施能够显著降低术后肺部并发症的发生,减轻临床护理工作的负担,术前工作准备越充分,患者术后恢复速度越快。

同时本研究也存在着一定的局限性:本文系回顾性队列研究,不可避免地出现混杂偏倚,同时数据来自同一家医院也存在着选择偏倚的可能,一定条件下存在降低研究的内部效度,这是研究本身的局限性,后续我们将扩大样本量,选择不同医院的病人进行前瞻性队列研究,进一步验证我们的结论。

综上所述,术前应用布地奈德混悬液进行雾化吸入有效减低肺叶切除患者术后相关并发症的发生,降低护理难度及工作量,值得临床推广和借鉴。

基金项目

心胸外科曹炜安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目经费(课题编号:JF20235642)。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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