中国高校地质学专业“地层地史学”类课程体系对比研究

A Comparative Study of “Stratigraphy-Geohistory” Course System for Geology Majors in China Universities

摘要: 文章通过对国内部分地质院校地质学专业的“地层地史学”类课程进行汇总，开展院校间差异对比及培养倾向差异性分析，提出课程阶次分析法以及依据阶次赋予课程不同分值的方法，对相关院校的课程进行半定量的整体性价值比对，评价各个院校开课的数量和质量的差异，为广大地质院校的培养方案制定提供参考。文章将地质类院校分为“AAA型”(广泛综合型)、“AAB型”(特色综合型)、“ABB型”(专业全面型)、“BBB型”(行业专才型)四型。研究认为，在“地层地史学”类领域课程建设方面，广泛综合型院校无论是课程数量还是质量都要高一些。大多特色综合性院校则质量分值较高，而数量上没有明显优势。专业全面型院校则在数量上有优于特色综合性院校的表现。“地层地史学”课程的选择往往显示具有针对行业需求的特征。对于古生物学领域，有的院校选择其研究的基础性，也有一些院校的选择是作为沉积学的伴生学科而存在。地史学属于学生地学思维上层建筑的基础性认识，这方面的教育在我国本科阶段整体较弱。

Abstract: The paper summarizes the “Stratigraphy-Geohistory” courses of the geology major in some domestic geological colleges and universities, conducts a comparison of differences among colleges and universities and an analysis of the differences in training tendencies, proposes the course hierarchy analysis method and the method of assigning different scores to courses based on the hierarchy, conducts a semi-quantitative overall value comparison of the courses of relevant colleges and universities, and evaluates the differences in the quantity and quality of courses offered by each college and university. To provide a reference for the formulation of training programs in geological colleges and universities. The paper classifies geological colleges and universities into four types: “AAA type” (extensive and comprehensive type), “AAB type” (characteristic and comprehensive type), “ABB type” (comprehensive professional type), and “BBB type” (industry expert type). Research suggests that in terms of course construction in the field of stratigraphy and geohistory, comprehensive universities have a higher number and quality of courses. Most characteristic comprehensive colleges and universities have relatively high quality scores, but do not have a significant advantage in terms of quantity. Comprehensive professional colleges and universities perform better in terms of quantity than characteristic comprehensive colleges and universities. The selection of “Stratigraphy-Geohistory” courses often shows characteristics that are tailored to industry demands. For the field of paleontology, some institutions choose the fundamental nature of their research, while others select it as an associated discipline of sedimentology. Geohistory is a fundamental understanding of the superstructure of students’ geoscience thinking. Education in this area is generally weak at the undergraduate level in China.