当代俄语外来词的吸收规律与本土化演变研究

Research on the Absorption Patterns and Localization Evolution of Loanwords in Contemporary Russian

摘要: 当今世界进入信息化全球化时代，外来语成为俄语词汇流变和发展的重要成分。借助语言接触、社会语言学理论，对近二十余年来俄语吸纳的外来语这一活的语料库进行文献检索、语料库数量统计分析以及个案剖析，进而总结当代俄语吸纳外来语的主要特点——“语言来源集中化”“语种吸纳领域集中化”“语种吸纳方式集中化”，并从“语音本土化”“词汇再造”“词语词义演变”“词汇语法整合”四方面进行考察分析外来语俄本土化发展的路径，论述外来语对俄语及其社会文化的作用，提出外来语的“关于语言纯洁性的相关论争”“外来词词义理解误读”等问题的冷静思考对策，以期为俄语词汇以及跨文化语言交际提供借鉴。

Abstract: As the world enters the era of information globalization, loanwords have become an important component of the evolution and development of Russian vocabulary. With the help of language contact and sociolinguistic theory, this study conducts literature search, statistical analysis of the number of corpora, and case analysis on the active corpus of foreign languages absorbed by Russian in the past 20 years. It summarizes the main characteristics of contemporary Russian language absorption of foreign languages, including “concentration of language sources”, “concentration of language absorption fields” and “concentration of language absorption methods”. The study examines and analyzes the development path of foreign language localization in Russia from four aspects: “phonetic localization”, “vocabulary reconstruction”, “evolution of word meanings” and “integration of vocabulary and grammar”. It discusses the role of foreign languages in Russian language and its social culture, and proposes calm thinking strategies for issues such as “language purification debate” and “misunderstanding of foreign word meanings”, in order to provide reference for Russian vocabulary and cross-cultural language communication.