观众评论视角下的字幕翻译问题——《哪吒之魔童降世》在日本的传播行为研究

Subtitle Translation Issues from the Perspective of Audience Reviews—A Study on the Dissemination of Ne Zha in Japan

摘要: 本文以《哪吒之魔童降世》在日本的传播为研究对象，探讨了字幕翻译在跨文化语境下对观众理解与接受的影响。通过观众评论数据，揭示字幕翻译中存在的主要问题，并提出改进策略。本文收集了来自Yahoo!映画、Filmarks以及日本个人博客和论坛的约520条评论，筛选出80条与“字幕理解”直接相关的样本，结合功能对等理论、归化与异化理论以及视听翻译学进行编码和质性分析。结果表明，日本观众对影片的理解障碍主要集中在四方面：说明性台词直译过长导致信息过载；大量文化负载词被单纯音译，缺乏注释；影片依赖《封神演义》等典故，但字幕未能提供必要背景解释；角色的方言与幽默被过度中性化，削弱个性塑造。因此建议通过“压缩翻译”、“音译加简注”、“风格化语言再现”以及“多模态补充信息”来改进字幕质量，同时建立“翻译–观众–反馈–优化”的闭环机制，为中国动画的国际化传播提供可行路径。

Abstract: This paper takes the dissemination of Ne Zha (Ne Zha: Birth of the Demon Child) in Japan as its research focus and explores how subtitle translation in cross-cultural contexts affects audience comprehension and reception. Drawing on audience review data, it identifies major issues in subtitle translation and proposes strategies for improvement. Approximately 520 reviews were collected from Yahoo! Movies, Filmarks, as well as Japanese personal blogs and forums, from which 80 comments directly related to “subtitle comprehension” were selected as samples. These were coded and qualitatively analyzed with reference to functional equivalence theory, domestication and foreignization strategies, and audiovisual translation studies. The findings reveal that Japanese audiences encountered comprehension barriers mainly in four areas: 1) literal and lengthy translations of explanatory lines leading to information overload; 2) heavy reliance on phonetic transliteration of culturally loaded terms without annotations; 3) references to classics such as The Investiture of the Gods lacking necessary background explanations in subtitles; and 4) dialects and humor in character dialogue being excessively neutralized, thereby weakening character portrayal. Accordingly, this study recommends improving subtitle quality through “condensed translation”, “transliteration with brief annotations”, “stylized language reproduction” and “multimodal supplementary information”. It further suggests establishing a closed-loop mechanism of “translation-audience-feedback-optimization” to provide a feasible pathway for the international dissemination of Chinese animated films.