英汉语轻动词论元结构对比分析

A Contrastive Analysis of Argument Structure of Light Verbs in English and Chinese

摘要: 本文在句法和语义学中论元结构相关理论视角下，以轻动词论元结构为切入点，通过对比分析的方法来研究英汉语中轻动词的特征差异。研究结果表明：就论元强制性而言，英语中轻动词论元不可或缺，必须显性地呈现在句子当中，而汉语则没有这个强制性要求；就句法实现方式而言，英语中通过句法成分来体现轻动词的论元角色，而汉语则更多地是依靠调整语序和语义关系来实现；就论元数量的伸缩性而言，英语中增减论元需通过形态或句法手段来实现，而汉语根据需要可自由增减；就论元的语义关联性而言，英语轻动词和其所携带的论元要保持语义的相似性，而汉语则没有这方面的要求。因此，本文的分析为英汉语语言结构特征差异提供了一个新的思路，为跨语言和跨文化研究奠定了基础。

Abstract: From the perspective of theories related to argument structure in syntax and semantics, this paper takes the argument structure of light verbs as the starting point and adopts a comparative analysis approach to study the feature differences of light verbs in English and Chinese. The research findings reveal the following aspects: in terms of argument obligatoriness, arguments of light verbs in English are indispensable and must appear explicitly in sentences, whereas there is no such absolute requirement in Chinese. Regarding the syntactic realization methods, in English, the argument roles of light verbs are manifested through syntactic components, while in Chinese, it is more achieved by adjusting word order and semantic relations. In terms of the flexibility of argument quantity, the addition or reduction of arguments in English needs to be realized through morphological or syntactic means, while in Chinese, arguments can be freely increased or decreased as needed. Lastly, as for the semantic relevance of arguments, light verbs in English and their associated arguments must maintain semantic similarity, but Chinese has no such requirement for semantic relevance. The analysis in this paper provides a new perspective for understanding the differences in linguistic structural characteristics between English and Chinese, and lays a foundation for cross-linguistic and cross-cultural studies.