赣语修水方言的指示词

Demonstratives in Xiushui Gan Dialect

摘要: 文章从共时和历时的角度来研究修水方言的指示词。修水方言有七个基本的指示词，其中近指的[ko²¹]、[ko³⁴]和远指的[hen²¹]、[hen³⁴]既能作个体指示词，又能作处所指示词，[ko²¹]与[ko³⁴]、[hen²¹]与[hen³⁴]在句法功能上还存在其它差异。近指和远指指示词分别还有[koŋ¹³]、[koŋ³⁴]和[hen¹³]，主要用于方式指。这些共时状态是历时演变的结果，为辨别歧义而变调产生的新指示词与旧指示词共存，使修水方言指示词系统呈现出复杂的状态。文章旨在揭示修水方言各基本指示词的特点，描写各基本指示词之间的差异，并通过历时构拟，探析基本指示词之间的关系，找出其演变的成因。

Abstract: This article studies the demonstratives of Xiushui dialect from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Xiushui dialect has seven basic demonstratives, among which the near demonstratives [ko²¹] and [ko³⁴] and the far demonstratives [hen²¹] and [hen³⁴] can function as both individual and locative demonstratives. [ko²¹] and [ko³⁴], as well as [hen²¹] and [hen³⁴], also have other differences in syntactic functions. There are also [koŋ¹³] and [koŋ³⁴] for near demonstratives and [hen¹³] for far demonstratives, mainly used for manner indication. These synchronic states are the results of diachronic evolution. The new demonstratives are produced by tone changes to avoid ambiguity coexist with the old ones, presenting a complex state of the demonstrative system in Xiushui dialect. The article aims to reveal the characteristics of each basic demonstrative in Xiushui dialect, describe the differences among them, and through diachronic reconstruction, explore the relationships among the basic demonstratives and identify the causes of their evolution.