基于无人机卡车联合配送的农村电商物流服务优化研究

A Study on the Optimization of Rural E-Commerce Logistics Services Based on Drone-Truck Joint Delivery

摘要: 针对农村电商物流“最后一公里”因客户分散、存在“偏远地区”导致的效率低下问题，本研究提出一种卡车–无人机联合配送路径优化方案。创新点在于：引入基于数据动态识别的“偏远地区”设定，并融入非对称时间成本以体现运输工具的效率差异。为求解总时间最小化模型，设计了两阶段混合启发式算法：先用改进蚁群算法生成初始纯卡车路径，再基于净增益迭代分配无人机任务。实验验证，该方案可使总任务时间最高缩短15.71%，为农村物流降本增效提供了有效决策依据。

Abstract: To address the low efficiency of the “last mile” in rural e-commerce logistics caused by dispersed customers and the existence of “remote areas”, this study proposes a truck-drone joint delivery route optimization scheme. The innovation lies in introducing a “remote area” setting that is dynamically identified by data and incorporating asymmetric time-cost weights to reflect the efficiency differences between the transport modes. To solve the model, which aims to minimize total makespan, a two-stage hybrid heuristic algorithm was designed. First, an improved Ant Colony Optimization algorithm generates an initial truck-only route; then, an iterative heuristic based on net gain assigns drone tasks. Experimental results validate that this scheme can reduce the total makespan by up to 15.71%, providing an effective basis for decision-making on cost reduction and efficiency improvement in rural logistics.