论非法利用信息网络罪的司法扩张与限缩——以与帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的区分为视角

On the Dogmatic Limitation of the Crime of Illegal Use of Information Networks—Based on the Distinction from the Crime of Aiding Information Network Criminal Activities

摘要: 《刑法修正案(九)》所增设的非法利用信息网络罪与帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪，在司法实践中面临界分模糊与适用扩张的问题。本文基于刑法教义学原理，指出两罪在行为性质上分属“预备行为实行化”与“帮助行为正犯化”，在构成要件、不法本质及责任基础上存在结构性差异。当前司法中存在的将本应认定为帮信行为纳入非法利用信息网络罪的现象，不仅混淆了立法原意，亦可能导致罪刑失衡。为此，应通过目的性限缩解释“违法犯罪”范围、严格认定“为实施违法犯罪活动”之主观要件、并厘清两罪竞合时“从一重处断”之适用规则，以实现非法利用信息网络罪的教义学回归，维护刑法体系的内在协调与量刑公正。

Abstract: The crime of illegal use of information networks and the crime of aiding information network criminal activities, both introduced in the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law, face issues of blurred boundaries and expansive application in judicial practice. Based on the principles of criminal law dogmatics, this article points out that the two crimes are structurally distinct in terms of the nature of the acts—criminalization of preparatory acts and criminalization of aiding acts—as well as in their constitutive elements, the essence of wrongfulness, and the basis of liability. The current judicial tendency to classify acts that should be recognized as aiding behavior as illegal use not only confuses the original legislative intent but may also lead to imbalances in sentencing. To address this, it is necessary to purposively restrict the interpretation of the scope of “illegal and criminal activities”, strictly determine the subjective element of “for the purpose of implementing illegal and criminal activities,” and clarify the application rule of “conviction and sentencing for the more serious offense” when the two crimes concur. This will achieve a dogmatic return to the crime of illegal use of information networks and uphold the internal coherence of the criminal law system as well as sentencing justice.