商法部门法属性的规范证成与功能阐释

The Normative Justification and Functional Explanation of the Attributes of Commercial Law as a Departmental Law

摘要: 商法是否具有独立部门法地位的理论争议，本质上是对其规范特质与功能定位的认知分歧。在规范层面，商事关系的营利性本质、技术性规范特征及效率价值取向构成其区别于民法的内在基因；在功能层面，商法通过组织法与行为法双重维度形塑市场经济基本秩序，承担风险分配与交易促进的独特制度使命。可以以“功能独立性”重构部门法属性认知框架，明确商法在现代法律体系中的独立性。

Abstract: The theoretical debate over whether commercial law possesses the status of an independent sector law essentially stems from cognitive differences regarding its normative characteristics and functional orientation. At the normative level, the profit-making nature of commercial relations, technical normative features, and efficiency-oriented values constitute its inherent genes that distinguish it from civil law. At the functional level, commercial law shapes the basic order of the market economy through the dual dimensions of organizational law and behavioral law, undertaking the unique institutional mission of risk allocation and transaction promotion. The cognitive framework of sector law attributes can be reconstructed based on “functional independence” to clarify the independence of commercial law in the modern legal system.