伤口造口失禁护理的研究进展

Research Progress in Wound Ostomy Continence Care

摘要: 伤口、造口、失禁(Wound, Ostomy, Continence, WOC)护理是专科护理的重要领域，其质量直接影响患者生活质量和康复结局。本文系统综述了国内外WOC护理的发展现状、核心能力建设、培训模式创新及实践效果。分析表明，我国WOC专科护士培养体系逐步完善，反思性实践和信息化管理显著提升护理质量，但仍存在失禁护理独立性不足、社区延伸服务薄弱及培训标准化欠缺等问题。借鉴国际认证与阶梯式培养经验，未来需构建“政策–教育–实践”综合发展框架，推动专科护理向标准化、分层化和社区一体化方向深化。

Abstract: Wound, Ostomy, and Continence (WOC) care is an important field of specialized nursing, and its quality directly affects the quality of patients’ lives and the outcome of their rehabilitation. This article systematically reviews the current development status, core capability building, training model innovation, and practical effects of WOC care both domestically and internationally. The analysis shows that the training system for WOC specialist nurses in China has gradually improved, with reflective practice and information management significantly enhancing the quality of care. However, there are still issues such as insufficient independence in incontinence care, weak community-based extension services, and lack of standardized training. By drawing on international certification and stepwise training experiences, in the future, a comprehensive development framework of “policy-education-practice” needs to be constructed to promote specialized nursing towards standardization, stratification, and community integration.