波利亚解题思想下初中数学应用题解题教学

Problem-Solving Teaching of Junior High School Mathematical Application Problems under Pólya’s Problem-Solving Thought

摘要: 应用题是初中数学教学的核心内容，也是学生在知识应用层面的主要难点。本文基于波利亚解题思想，结合应用题情境性、综合性强等特点，提出“理解题目–拟定方案–执行方案–回顾”的四阶解题教学策略，并以初中数学三角函数和分式方程的应用题为例，展示波利亚解题思想下的解题教学过程，为初中数学应用题解题教学提供有益参考。

Abstract: Applied problems are the core content of junior high school mathematics teaching and also the main difficulty for students in the application of knowledge. Based on Pólya’s problem-solving thought and combined with the characteristics of applied problems such as strong situationality and comprehensiveness, this paper proposes a four-stage problem-solving teaching strategy of “understanding the problem - devising a plan - carrying out the plan - looking back”. Taking the applied problems of trigonometric functions and fractional equations in junior high school mathematics as examples, it demonstrates the problem-solving teaching process under Pólya’s problem-solving thought, aiming to provide useful references for the teaching of solving applied problems in junior high school mathematics.