西北地区油气管道水工保护设计提升

Enhancement of Hydraulic Protection Design for Oil and Gas Pipelines in Northwest China

摘要: 油气长输管道在建设和运营过程中面临显著的水土保持与生态保护挑战。西北地区干旱少雨、风沙活动频繁、土壤结构疏松、植被覆盖度低，管沟开挖工程极易破坏原有地表结构与植被层，在降雨、融雪或地表径流冲刷作用下，管道上方覆土易发生流失，进而危及管道安全。传统的浆砌石、混凝土、水泥土等水工保护和水土保持型式在生态恢复和环境保护方面存在一定不足，本文通过对西北地区管道水毁情况调研，对管道的水工保护方案稳定性、维修维护需求进行分析，提出以下提升措施建议：格宾石笼与土工布复合护底结构，可有效防止石笼与被保护的土方之间的接触流失，提高防护结构稳定性；土工格室笼适用于有水环境边坡，土工格栅笼适用于无水环境边坡；改进型HDPE土工格室通过其独特的网格结构，能有效固定沙土，防止风沙侵蚀。

Abstract: Long-distance oil and gas pipelines face significant challenges in soil and water conservation as well as ecological protection during their construction and operation phases. The northwest region of China is characterized by arid conditions with scarce rainfall, frequent wind-sand activities, loose soil structure, and low vegetation coverage. Trench excavation works for pipelines are highly likely to damage the original surface structure and vegetation layer. Under the scouring effect of rainfall, snowmelt, or surface runoff, the overlying soil above the pipelines is prone to loss, which in turn endangers the safety of the pipelines. Traditional hydraulic protection and soil-water conservation types such as mortar masonry, concrete, and cement-soil have certain shortcomings in terms of ecological restoration and environmental protection. Based on an investigation into pipeline water damage incidents in the northwest region, this paper analyzes the stability of pipeline hydraulic protection schemes and their maintenance requirements, and proposes the following improvement measures and suggestions: The composite bottom protection structure of gabion cages and geotextiles can effectively prevent contact loss between gabion cages and the protected soil, thereby enhancing the stability of the protective structure; Geocell cages are suitable for slopes in water-containing environments, while geogrid cages are applicable to slopes in water-free environments; the improved HDPE geocells, with their unique grid structure, can effectively fix sand and soil and prevent wind-sand erosion.