工具论的重构与超越：论AIGC的梯度法律保护体系

Reconstruction and Transcendence of Utilitarianism: On the Gradient Legal Protection System of AIGC

摘要: 随着人工智能在实践中的广泛应用，其自动生成特性与传统以“人类智力创作”为核心的著作权制度产生根本冲突，导致法律定性陷入“全有或全无”的二元困境，既可能过度保护非独创性内容，又可能忽视投资者的正当权益，亟需构建更为精细的法律保护机制。为回应这一现实问题，本文主张重构著作权法中的“工具论”，提出以“实质性人类干预”为核心标准，建立区分不同干预程度的梯度法律保护体系。通过设立“独创性贡献分级认定制度”和“人工智能生成物邻接权”，对不同层级的人类干预赋予差异化法律保护，并辅以技术性认定工具与侵权过滤机制，从而实现保护投资、激励创新与维护公共利益之间的多元平衡。

Abstract: With the widespread application of artificial intelligence in practice, its automatic generation characteristics fundamentally conflict with the traditional copyright system centered on “human intellectual creation”, leading to a binary dilemma of “all or nothing” in legal characterization. It may overprotect non original content or ignore the legitimate rights and interests of investors, and there is an urgent need to build a more refined legal protection mechanism. To address this practical issue, this article advocates for the reconstruction of the “instrumentalism” in copyright law, proposing the establishment of a gradient legal protection system that distinguishes different levels of intervention based on the core standard of “substantial human intervention”. By establishing a “graded recognition system for originality contributions” and “adjacency rights for artificial intelligence generated products”, differentiated legal protection is granted to human interventions at different levels, supplemented by technical recognition tools and infringement filtering mechanisms, thus achieving a diversified balance between protecting investment, stimulating innovation, and maintaining public interests.