新型支付方式下盗窃罪与诈骗罪的界分研究

A Study on the Distinction between Theft and Fraud in the Context of New Payment Methods

摘要: 随着经济的快速发展，网络技术日益发挥着重要作用。新型支付方式的快速发展不仅简化了市场交易手续和提升了市场交易效率，但也为新型支付侵财行为发生创设了新环境。不同于传统的交易，在新型支付环境下，双方只需要通过互联网即可完成交易。正是由于支付手段的新颖性，在很多情况下，我们难以对盗窃罪与诈骗罪进行准确区分，由于二者都是“移转财产型”犯罪，对于移转占有的状态的认定变得更为复杂。在司法实践中，司法机关主要是对于非法获取他人资金账户和偷换二维码两种典型的案件认定存在着争议。在刑法理论上，对于“行为对象说”和“主要手段说”均无法应对新型支付环境下盗窃罪和诈骗罪进行区分。为此，本文主要是通过引入“处分意识”来合理界分新型支付背景下的盗窃罪与诈骗罪。

Abstract: With rapid economic development, internet technology has increasingly played a vital role. The rapid advancement of new payment methods has not only simplified market transaction procedures and enhanced market transaction efficiency but also created a new environment for emerging payment-related property crimes. Unlike traditional transactions, in the new payment environment, both parties can complete transactions solely through the internet. Precisely because of the novelty of payment methods, it is often difficult to accurately distinguish between theft and fraud. Since both are “property transfer” crimes, determining the state of property transfer becomes more complex. In judicial practice, disputes primarily arise over the classification of two typical cases: illegally obtaining others’ fund accounts and swapping QR codes. In criminal law theory, neither the “object of the act theory” nor the “primary means theory” adequately addresses the distinction between theft and fraud in the new payment environment. Therefore, this paper introduces the concept of “disposition consciousness” to reasonably delineate theft and fraud in the context of new payment methods.