汶川水磨林下地龙产业发展优势、困难与对策分析

Analysis of Advantages, Difficulties, and Countermeasures for the Development of the Under-Forest Earthworm Industry in Wenchuan Shuimo

摘要: 本文聚焦四川省汶川县水磨镇林下地龙(蚯蚓)产业发展，分析其区域适配性、优势、困难及可持续发展对策。水磨镇凭借亚热带湿润气候、高森林覆盖率和丰富的林下有机质资源，为蚯蚓养殖提供了天然优势。蚯蚓作为“土壤工程师”，可将凋落物转化为有机肥，改善土壤结构，同时其药用价值和市场需求持续攀升，为林农增收提供新路径。然而，产业发展面临天敌威胁、土壤酸化、饲料运输困难、技术薄弱及人才短缺等挑战。文章提出物理防治天敌、调节土壤酸碱度、一次性投肥减运、强化科技支撑、构建技术体系等对策，旨在实现生态效益与经济效益的双赢。通过合理利用林下资源，水磨镇有望打造循环农业模式，为山区乡村振兴提供可复制的绿色产业样板。

Abstract: This paper focuses on the development of the f under-forest earthworm (dilong) industry in Shuimo Town, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, analyzing its regional adaptability, advantages difficulties, and strategies for sustainable development. Shuimo Town, with its subtropical humid climate, high forest coverage, and abundant forest-floor organic matter, offers natural advantages for earthworm farming. Earthworms, known as “soil engineers,” can transform litter-fall into organic fertilizer, enhancing soil structure, while their medicinal value and market demand continue to rise, providing a new pathway for increasing farmers’ incomes. However, the industry faces challenges such as natural predator threats, soil acidification, difficulty in transporting feed, technological deficiencies, and a shortage of skilled personnel. The paper proposes strategies including adopting physical control measures, adjusting soil pH, one-time fertilizer application and reduced transportation, strengthening technological support and building technical systems. By utilizing forest-floor resources efficiently, Shuimo Town aims to establish a circular agricultural model, offering a reproducible green industry template for rural revitalization in mountainous areas.