基于数字孪生的航天器能源系统自主功能验证

Autonomous Function Verification of Spacecraft Energy Systems Based on Digital Twins

摘要: 随着航天器系统复杂性的增加，对其能源系统的可靠性、自主性和安全性提出了更高要求。本文针对航天器能源系统自主功能验证的挑战，提出了一种基于数字孪生技术的解决方案。首先，详细分析了卫星电源系统各子系统(太阳电池阵、蓄电池组、电源控制器)之间的耦合关系、与外界的交互关系以及电源控制器内部的耦合关系，构建了高保真模型结构。其次，从数学建模和功能实现角度，精细化构建了电源控制器仿真模型，包括分流、充电、放电调节器及母线取值模块，并分析了其工作模式和状态转移。最后，将各子系统模型集成，形成完整的电源系统数字孪生仿真模型，并以某卫星在秋分点处的在轨环境作为外部输入参数进行系统级仿真。仿真结果表明，所构建的数字孪生模型能够实现母线电压的全调节，电源控制器能有效管理电池组充放电和过剩功率分配，验证了模型对不同工况的动态响应能力与高保真性。本研究为航天器能源系统的在轨健康管理、故障诊断及自主运行提供了理论依据和技术支持。

Abstract: With the increasing complexity of spacecraft systems, higher demands are placed on the reliability, autonomy, and safety of their energy systems. This paper addresses the challenges of autonomous functional verification for spacecraft energy systems by proposing a solution based on digital twin technology. Firstly, the coupling relationships among subsystems (solar array, battery pack, power controller), their interactions with the external environment, and the internal coupling within the power controller of a satellite power system were analyzed in detail to construct a high-fidelity model structure. Secondly, from the perspectives of mathematical modeling and functional implementation, a refined simulation model of the power controller was developed, including shunt, charge, discharge regulators, and bus value acquisition modules, with an analysis of its operating modes and state transitions. Finally, the subsystem models were integrated to form a complete digital twin simulation model of the power system. System-level simulations were conducted using the on-orbit environment of a specific satellite at the autumnal equinox as external input parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the constructed digital twin model can achieve full regulation of bus voltage, and the power controller effectively manages battery charging/discharging and surplus power distribution, verifying the model’s dynamic response capability and high fidelity under various operating conditions. This research provides theoretical basis and technical support for on-orbit health management, fault diagnosis, and autonomous operation of spacecraft energy systems.