脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者吞咽评估及康复护理的研究进展

Research Progress on Swallowing Assessment and Rehabilitation Nursing for Patients with Dysphagia after Stroke

摘要: 近年来，我国急性脑梗死患病人数不断增加。而根据心血管疾病调查报告显示，我国55岁以上人群急性脑梗死患病数占总数40%，且患病率远超平均值，普通人发生脑梗死风险高达39.9%，且该疾病具有发病急、高病死率、低治愈率的特征，对人们生命健康危害性极大，当发病后必须立即采取有效的康复措施，提高患者生活质量。吞咽障碍是脑卒中后常见的并发症之一，可造成患者误吸，窒息以及肺部感染，进而增加其死亡概率。对其实施评估有利于开展正确的个性化的摄食训练，实现吞咽功能的恢复。本文旨在分析脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者吞咽评估及康复护理的研究进展。

Abstract: In recent years, the number of patients with acute cerebral infarction in China has been increasing continuously. According to the cardiovascular disease survey report, the number of patients with acute cerebral infarction among people over 55 years old accounts for 40% of the total, and the incidence rate is far above the average. The risk of cerebral infarction for ordinary people is as high as 39.9%. This disease is characterized by sudden onset, high mortality rate and low cure rate, which poses a great threat to people’s health and life. After the onset, effective rehabilitation measures must be taken immediately to improve the quality of life of patients. Dysphagia is one of the common complications after stroke, which can cause aspiration, choking and pulmonary infection in patients, thereby increasing their mortality rate. Conducting assessment on it is conducive to carrying out correct and personalized eating training and restoring swallowing function. This article aims to analyze the research progress of swallowing assessment and rehabilitation nursing for patients with dysphagia after stroke.