中西医治疗非特异性肛门坠胀的研究进展

Research Progress on the Treatment of Nonspecific Anal Heaviness Using Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

摘要: 非特异性肛门坠胀是肛肠科常见的一种主观症状，以肛门坠胀不适、便意频繁、排便不尽感等为主要表现，常伴发精神心理症状，严重影响患者生活质量。其发病机制尚不明确，西医多将其归为功能性胃肠病或肛门直肠神经官能症，认为与脑–肠轴交互紊乱、精神心理因素及植物神经功能失调密切相关；中医则多将其归属于“大肠胀”、“肛坠”等范畴，病机以湿热下注、气虚下陷、阳虚寒凝为核心，与脾、肝、肾等脏腑功能失调有关。西医主要以对症治疗为主，中医治疗具有明显优势，包括内治法、外治法、针灸及穴位注射等多种手段综合施治，此外还需重视患者精神心理的调适。

Abstract: Nonspecific anal heaviness is a common subjective symptom in proctology, primarily manifested as anal discomfort, frequent urge to defecate, and incomplete evacuation sensation. It is often accompanied by psychological symptoms and significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Its pathogenesis remains unclear. Western medicine often classifies it as a functional gastrointestinal disorder or anorectal neurosis, attributing it to disturbances in the brain-gut axis, psychological factors, and autonomic dysfunction. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) generally classifies it under categories such as “large intestine distension” or “anal heaviness.” The pathogenesis centers on damp-heat descending, qi deficiency sinking, and yang deficiency with cold stagnation, involving dysfunction of the spleen, liver, and kidney organs. Western medicine primarily employs symptomatic treatment, whereas traditional Chinese medicine offers distinct advantages through integrated approaches including internal therapies, external treatments, acupuncture, and acupoint injections. Additionally, psychological adjustment for patients is crucial.