干热岩钻完井技术挑战及展望

Challenges and Prospects of Hot Dry Rock Drilling and Completion Technology

摘要: 干热岩是一种分布广泛、清洁环保、热能储量巨大的特殊地热资源，钻井是其开发的核心手段，而国内目前干热岩钻完井技术仍面临诸多难题。本文围绕干热岩“坚硬、高温、裂缝发育”三大核心地质特征，以“难题–对策”一体化模式，系统分析当前存在的机械钻速慢、高温流体/工具失效、井壁失稳、固井质量差及完井技术缺失等难题。针对以上技术难点，开展了抗高温硬地层PDC钻头及井下提速工具、高效破岩新技术、抗高温钻井液/水泥浆体系、EGS储层改造等钻完井技术现状调研分析，同时结合工程案例分析了现场应用效果。最后对干热岩钻完井技术发展方向提出展望，为国内干热岩商业化开发提供技术参考。

Abstract: Dry hot rock is a special geothermal resource with wide distribution, clean and environmentally friendly characteristics, and enormous thermal energy reserves. Drilling is the core method for its development, yet domestic dry hot rock drilling and completion technologies still face numerous challenges. This paper focuses on the three key geological features of dry hot rock—“hard, high-temperature, and fractured”—and adopts an integrated “problem-countermeasure” model to systematically analyze current difficulties such as slow mechanical drilling rates, failure of high-temperature fluids/tools, wellbore instability, poor cementing quality, and lack of completion techniques. To address these technical challenges, research was conducted on the current status of drilling and completion technologies, including PDC bits for high-temperature hard formations, downhole speed-up tools, new high-efficiency rock-breaking techniques, high-temperature drilling fluid/cementing slurry systems, and EGS reservoir stimulation. Additionally, field application effectiveness was analyzed through engineering case studies. Finally, the paper proposes future development directions for dry hot rock drilling and completion technologies, providing technical references for the commercial development of dry hot rock in China.