父母情感支持与青少年问题行为的关系研究

A Study on the Relationship between Parental Emotional Support and Adolescent Problem Behaviors

摘要: 父母情感支持能够帮助青少年提升应对困境的能力和信心，进而影响青少年问题行为发生。为探讨父母情感支持对青少年问题行为的影响机制，本文对福建省、浙江省共计2803名青少年开展问卷调查，并构建以父母情感支持为解释变量，青少年问题行为为被解释变量，心理弹性为中介变量的结构方程模型。研究结果表明：(1) 父母情感支持与青少年问题行为产生呈现显著负相关关系(r = −0.5238, p < 0.001)；(2) 父母情感支持有助于提升青少年心理弹性(r = 0.4252, p < 0.001)，青少年心理弹性则有助于减少青少年问题行为发生；(3) 心理弹性在父母情感支持影响青少年问题行为过程中具有中介效应，中介效应占总效应的63.27%，间接路径系数为−0.1345 (p < 0.001)。基于此，研究建议家长增加对子女情感支持，同时鼓励青少年关注自我认知与情绪管理，增强心理弹性。

Abstract: Parental emotional support can enhance adolescents’ ability and confidence to cope with adversities, thereby influencing the occurrence of problematic behaviors. To investigate the mechanism through which parental emotional support affects adolescent problem behaviors, this study conducted a questionnaire survey among 2,803 adolescents from Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. A structural equation model was constructed with parental emotional support as the independent variable, adolescent problem behaviors as the dependent variable, and psychological resilience as the mediating variable. The results indicate that: (1) Parental emotional support shows a significant negative correlation with the occurrence of adolescent problem behaviors (r = −0.5238, p < 0.001); (2) Parental emotional support contributes to enhancing adolescents’ psychological resilience (r = 0.4252, p < 0.001), which in turn helps reduce the incidence of problem behaviors; (3) Psychological resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between parental emotional support and adolescent problem behaviors, accounting for 63.27% of the total effect, with an indirect path coefficient of −0.1345 (p < 0.001). Based on these findings, the study recommends that parents increase emotional support for their children, while adolescents should be encouraged to focus on self-awareness and emotion management to strengthen their psychological resilience.