近五年中医外治法在嗅觉障碍中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Therapy in Olfactory Disorders in the Past Five Years

摘要: 嗅觉是人体的基本化学感觉之一，其对维持个体生活质量、营养摄入以及心理健康有着极其重要的意义，日益成为神经学科及耳鼻喉科领域的重要议题，近年来嗅觉障碍的临床发病率呈上升趋势。西医目前对该病的治疗主要是遵循病因治疗的原则，但其病因复杂，难以完全针对病因进行治疗，使得现有的治疗手段有着一定的局限性。中医强调整体观念与辨证论治，可从多系统、多靶点角度对机体进行调节，在改善症状方面具有独特优势，其中中医外治法凭借手段多样、应用灵活、安全性高以及不良反应少等优势而广泛应用于临床，且呈现出广阔的前景。本文就近五年里针刺、灸法、中药熏蒸、穴位治疗，以及联合疗法等各类主要外治技术在嗅觉障碍领域的应用研究展开系统梳理，旨在为临床实践提供理论参考与治疗方案选择。

Abstract: Olfaction is one of the basic chemical senses of the human body, which plays a vital role in maintaining the quality of life, nutritional intake, and mental health of individuals. It has increasingly become an important topic in the fields of neurology and otolaryngology. In recent years, the incidence of olfactory disorders has been on the rise. Currently, the treatment of this disease in Western medicine mainly follows the principle of etiological treatment, but due to its complex etiology, it is difficult to completely target the cause for treatment, which limits the existing treatment methods. Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes the holistic concept of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and it can regulate the body from multiple systems and multiple targets, thus having unique advantages in improving symptoms. Among them, traditional Chinese external therapy, with their diverse means, flexible application, high safety, and few adverse reactions, are widely used in clinical practice and show broad prospects. This article systematically reviews the application research of various major external treatment techniques, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, traditional Chinese medicine fumigation, acupoint therapy, and combined therapy in the field of olfactory disorders in the past five years, aiming to provide theoretical references and treatment options for clinical practice.