miR-145在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展

Research Progress on miR-145 in Digestive System Tumors

摘要: MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类高度保守、化学稳定、小的非编码内源性分子。自1993年发现第一个miRNAs以来，其功能得到了更深入的研究，HO等研究了其多步骤生物发生过程始于细胞核、结束于细胞质以及细胞外输出的过程，被认为是诊断和疾病预后的有前途的生物标志物，且可以利用其进行无创诊断和预后。由于miRNAs在转录后水平上具有调节靶基因的表达功能，可控制至少60%的蛋白编码基因的表达。单个miRNA可以调控多种蛋白表达，而一种蛋白表达也能受到多个miRNA的调控，从而形成了一个完整且复杂的调控网络系统。miRNAs在人类很多生理过程中发挥了重要的调节作用，包括细胞增殖与分化、新陈代谢、凋亡等；而miRNA异常表达与多种人类疾病相关，尤其是在肿瘤疾病方面。作为microRNA家族的一员，miR-145是一种常见的肿瘤相关microRNA。近年来，许多研究发现miR-145在多种人类消化系统肿瘤中表达失调，癌组织中miR-145的异常表达证实了其在癌症发生中的重要作用。miR-145可作为非侵入性生物标志物，有望在早期消化系统癌症检测中发挥作用。现就miR-145在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展进行综述。

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved, chemically stable, small non-coding endogenous molecules. Since the discovery of the first miRNA in 1993, their functions have been extensively investigated. HO et al. elucidated the multi-step biogenesis process of miRNAs, which begins in the nucleus, concludes in the cytoplasm, and involves extracellular export. miRNAs are recognized as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and disease prognosis, enabling non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic applications. By regulating target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, miRNAs control the expression of at least 60% of protein-coding genes. A single miRNA can modulate the expression of multiple proteins, while the expression of a single protein can be regulated by multiple miRNAs, forming a comprehensive and complex regulatory network. miRNAs play critical roles in various human physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Abnormal miRNA expression is associated with numerous human diseases, particularly tumors. As a member of the miRNA family, miR-145 is a commonly studied tumor-associated miRNA. Recent studies have revealed dysregulated expression of miR-145 in various human digestive system tumors. Abnormal expression of miR-145 in cancerous tissues confirms its significant role in tumorigenesis. miR-145 may serve as a non-invasive biomarker with potential applications in the early detection of digestive system cancers. This review summarizes the research progress on miR-145 in digestive system tumors.