超声心动图联合心电图：迈向心肌梗死精准诊断的新策略

Electrocardiogram Combined with Electrocardiography: A New Strategy towards Precision Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

摘要: 目的：探讨临床诊断心肌梗死中常规心电图与超声心动图的应用效果。方法：选择2024年4月到2025年4月间西京医院收治的103例疑似心肌梗死患者为例，对全体患者均分别给予超声心动图与常规心电图两种检查法进行检测，以冠状动脉造影结果作为本次诊断患者中的“金标准”，然后对比分析上述两种检查法在临床诊断心肌梗死方面的效果。结果：基于冠状动脉造影检查，本次所选的疑似心肌梗死患者103例中阴性和阳性分别为24例和79例。经常规心电图诊断，其中18例阴性，66例阳性；经超声心动图诊断，其中23例阴性，78例阳性；基于超声心动图对疑似心肌梗死患者的临床诊断，相应的特异度、灵敏度、准确率、阴性与阳性预测率分别为95.83%、98.73%、98.06%、95.83%和98.73%，均比常规心电图的56.67%、90.41%、80.58%、70.83%和83.54%显著更高(P < 0.05)；基于超声心动图对疑似心肌梗死患者的并发症检出率达到96.12%，比基于常规心电图的87.38%显著更高(P < 0.05)。结论：在临床诊断心肌梗死疾病中，超声心动图是一种优于常规心电图的检查方法，在诊断结果准确度以及并发症检出率等方面作用都更为突出。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the application effects of routine electrocardiogram and echocardiography in clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Methods: A total of 103 patients with suspected myocardial infarction treated in Xijing Hospital from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected as examples. All patients were given two detection methods: echocardiography and a routine electrocardiogram. The results of coronary angiography were used as the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of patients in this study. Then, the effects of the above two inspection methods on the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction were compared and analyzed. Results: Based on the coronary angiography examination, the negative and positive results of the selected 103 suspected myocardial infarction patients were 24 and 79 cases, respectively. After routine electrocardiogram diagnosis, 18 were negative and 66 were positive; after echocardiography diagnosis, 23 were negative and 78 were positive; based on echocardiography for the clinical diagnosis of suspected myocardial infarction patients, the corresponding specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive values were 95.83%, 98.73%, 98.06%, 95.83% and 98.73%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of routine electrocardiogram (56.67%, 90.41%, 80.58%, 70.83% and 83.54%, P < 0.05); The detection rate of complications based on echocardiography in patients with suspected myocardial infarction was 96.12%, which was significantly higher than that based on routine electrocardiogram (87.38%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction, echocardiography is a method superior to the routine electrocardiogram, and its role is more prominent in the accuracy of diagnosis and the detection rate of complications.