新就业形态下劳动关系的认定与规制途径研究

Research on the Identification and Regulation of Labor Relations in New Forms of Employment

摘要: 新就业形态在数字经济和平台经济的推动下成为劳动力市场的重要组成部分，其出现改变了传统就业模式，对传统劳动关系认定标准提出了挑战。新就业形态具有技术性、平台化、高度灵活性、低门槛准入、多元化就业、创新性和包容性等特征，其发展趋势体现在劳动力市场变革、产业融合创新以及社会认知变化等方面。然而，现行劳动关系认定标准主要依据从属性理论，在新就业形态下存在局限性，导致司法实践中劳动关系认定存在困境。为应对这些问题，需从法律保障、政策引导和数智化支持三方面入手，完善相关法律法规，明确劳动者与平台企业之间的关系，强化法律执行监督，构建法律援助体系，制定支持措施，推动产业融合，加强宣传普及，优化数据基础设施，支持数智技术研发与应用，强化数智化人才队伍建设。新就业形态作为新质生产力的重要组成部分，对经济社会发展具有重要意义，应充分发挥其推动作用，优化劳动要素组合，为我国经济社会发展注入新活力。

Abstract: Driven by the digital and platform economies, new forms of employment have become a major component of the labour market. Their emergence has upended traditional employment patterns and challenged the conventional criteria used to identify labour relations. Characterized by high technology, phantomization, extreme flexibility, low entry barriers, diversified work arrangements, innovation and inclusiveness, these new forms are reshaping the labour market, fostering industrial convergence and shifting social perceptions. Yet the prevailing “subordination” test for recognizing labour relations shows its limits in this context, leaving courts struggling to determine employment status. To address these problems, legal protection, policy guidance and digital-intelligent support must be combined: refine the relevant legislation to clarify the relationship between workers and platforms; tighten enforcement and oversight; build a legal-aid system; introduce supportive measures; promote industrial integration; publicize the new rules; upgrade data infrastructure; encourage R&D and application of digital-intelligent technologies; and cultivate a skilled digital workforce. As a key ingredient of new quality productive forces, new forms of employment are vital to economic and social development. Harnessing their potential and optimizing the mix of labour inputs will inject fresh vitality into China’s development.