央行数字货币跨境支付的国际法规制路径研究

Research on the Path of International Law Regulation for Cross-Border Payments of Central Bank Digital Currency

摘要: 随着数字技术的飞速发展和全球化的深入，央行数字货币(CBDC)因其在提升跨境支付效率、降低成本和增加透明度方面的潜力，而成为国际社会关注的焦点。然而，CBDC的跨境应用也面临着法律监管壁垒、技术标准差异、数据隐私保护以及国家金融管辖权等多重挑战。本文立足于国际法视角，首先分析了CBDC跨境支付的理论基础与主要应用场景，继而系统梳理了其跨境流通过程中存在的核心法律风险。在此基础上，本文提出了相应的国际法规制路径：坚持无损、合规与互通三项基本原则；推动建立统一的技术标准和完善的数据治理框架；并倡导通过创新多边治理机制，促进国际合作。旨在为构建一个安全、高效、包容的全球CBDC跨境支付生态系统提供理论参考与路径指引。

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of digital technology and the deepening of globalization, Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) has become a focal point for the international community due to its potential to enhance the efficiency, reduce costs, and increase transparency of cross-border payments. However, the cross-border application of CBDC also faces multiple challenges, including legal regulatory barriers, technical standard disparities, data privacy concerns, and threats to national financial sovereignty. From the perspective of international law, this paper first analyzes the theoretical foundation and main application scenarios of CBDC in cross-border payments, then systematically examines the core legal risks inherent in its cross-border circulation. Building upon this analysis, the paper proposes corresponding paths for international law regulation: adhering to the fundamental principles of Do-No-Harm, compliance, and interoperability; promoting the establishment of unified technical standards and a robust data governance framework; and advocating for innovative multilateral governance mechanisms to foster international cooperation. The aim is to provide theoretical reference and strategic guidance for constructing a secure, efficient, and inclusive global ecosystem for CBDC cross-border payments.