不同浓度的Na₂CO₃碱性水溶液对创面修复的影响

Impact of Varying Concentrations of Sodium Carbonate Alkaline Aqueous Solutions on Wound Repair

摘要: 目的：探讨不同浓度的碳酸钠(Na₂CO₃)碱性水溶液外用对创面修复的影响。方法：制备0.1%~10%的碳酸钠水溶液，选取PH值相近的3种不同浓度的碳酸钠水溶液作为实验试剂。选用体重200~250 g的雄性SD鼠，按数字表分组法分为空白组及实验组共4组(A、B、C为实验组；K为空白组)，并构建创面模型。使用选取的0.5%、1%、3%的碳酸钠水溶液分别对应A、B、C组并对实验组创面湿敷。于湿敷后第7、14、21天分别测量创面的PH值、面积并计算创面愈合率，随机切取每组中的2只大鼠创面整体标本，进行病理切片观察；进行对比及统计学分析。结果：0.5%、1%、3%的碳酸钠水溶液PH值分别为11.3 ± 0.2、11.4 ± 0.3、11.6 ± 0.2相互接近作为实验试剂并分别与实验组A、B、C对应；A、B、C组溶液湿敷后第7、14、21天测量创面的PH值均在7.0~8.1；创面第21天K、A、B、C组愈合率分别为93.27%、97.23%、99.83%、92.10%；病理观察：第7天各组皮肤坏死及创面炎症改变较重、纤维增生及新生血管等变化无明显差异；第14天A、B、K组纤维增生、新生血管较C组增多；第21天A、B表皮新生构建(角质细胞、成纤维细胞、新生血管)明显高于K、C组、且B组高于C组。结论：创面修复是变化的复杂的过程。不同浓度碳酸钠的碱性水溶液作用于创面虽可产生促进创面修复弱碱性环境(PH7.0~8.6)。但0.5%、1%的碳酸钠碱性水溶液可以促进创面的愈合，而3%的碳酸钠碱性水溶液影响、阻碍创面修复。创面碱性溶液的浓度可能也是影响创面愈合的一个因素。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of topical application of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) alkaline aqueous solutions of different concentrations on wound healing. Methods: Sodium carbonate solutions (0.1%~10%) were prepared, and three concentrations with similar pH values were selected as experimental reagents. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g) were randomly assigned into four groups (blank group K and experimental groups A, B, and C). A wound model was established, and wounds in groups A, B, and C were treated with 0.5%, 1%, and 3% Na₂CO₃ solutions, respectively, via wet dressing. On days 7, 14, and 21 post-treatment, wound pH, wound area, and healing rate were measured. Two rats from each group were randomly selected for histopathological analysis of wound specimens. Comparative and statistical analyses were performed. Results: The pH values of 0.5%, 1%, and 3% Na₂CO₃ solutions were 11.3 ± 0.2, 11.4 ± 0.3, and 11.6 ± 0.2, respectively, and were used as experimental reagents for groups A, B, and C. After wet dressing, wound surface pH in groups A~C remained between 7.0 and 8.1. On day 21, wound healing rates were 93.27% (K), 97.23% (A), 99.83% (B), and 92.10% (C). Histological analysis showed severe necrosis and inflammation across all groups on day 7, with no significant differences in fibroplasia and neovascularization. On day 14, groups A, B, and K exhibited more fibroplasia and neovascularization compared with group C. On day 21, epidermal regeneration (keratinocytes, fibroblasts, neovascularization) was more prominent in groups A and B than in groups K and C, with group B superior to group C. Conclusion: Wound repair is a dynamic and complex process. Although Na₂CO₃ alkaline solutions can provide a mild alkaline environment (pH 7.0~8.6) conducive to wound healing, only 0.5% and 1% solutions promoted wound closure, whereas the 3% solution impaired healing. The concentration of alkaline solution may therefore be a critical factor influencing wound repair.