基于二元疾病管理理论四肢深度烧伤患者早期康复护理研究

Research on Early Rehabilitation Nursing for Patients with Deep Burns of Four Limbs Based on the Dyadic Illness Management Theory

摘要: 目的：探讨二元疾病管理理论在四肢深度烧伤患者早期康复护理的应用效果。方法：收集2024年10月~2024年12月青岛市某三甲医院烧伤科收治的60对四肢深度烧伤患者及照顾者的资料，采用随机对照的方法展开研究，对照组30对，采用医院现行常规护理；观察组30对，进行二元早期康复护理，评价两组患者的临床效果。比较两组四周后自我效能评分、精简烧伤健康量评分、照顾者负担量表、瘢痕量表、Barthel指数评分。结果：干预四周后，观察组的自我效能评分、精简烧伤健康量、Barthel指数评分高于对照组(P < 0.05)。干预四周后，观察组患者瘢痕量表评分低于对照组(P < 0.05)，观察组的照顾者负担评分低于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论：基于二元疾病管理理论的烧伤早期康复护理能够有效提高四肢深度烧伤患者的早期康复效果，可提升患者及照顾者的自我效能，改善患者健康状况，提高患者自理能力，减缓患者瘢痕，减轻照顾者负担，促进健康行为。

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the dyadic illness management theory model in early rehabilitation nursing for patients with deep extremity burns. Methods: Sixty patient-caregiver days admitted to the Burn Unit of a tertiary-level hospital in Qingdao between October and December 2024 were enrolled. A randomized controlled design was adopted: 30 days received routine hospital care (control group) and 30 days received dyadic early-rehabilitation nursing (intervention group). Four weeks after intervention the following outcomes were compared: General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Abbreviated Burn-Specific Health Scale (ABSHS), Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS), Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and Barthel Index (BI). Results: At 4 weeks, the intervention group showed significantly higher GSES, ABSHS and BI scores than the control group (P < 0.05), whereas VSS and CBS scores were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dyadic early rehabilitation nursing can improve self-efficacy in both patients and caregivers, enhance patients’ health status and self-care ability, attenuate scar formation and alleviate caregiver burden, thereby promoting healthy behaviours and early recovery in patients with deep extremity burns.