基于经筋理论探讨自我牵伸治疗慢性非特异性颈痛的理论机制与临床应用

Exploration on the Theoretical Mechanism and Clinical Application of Self-Stretching in the Treatment of Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain Based on the Meridian Sinew Theory

摘要: 慢性非特异性颈痛(Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain, CNNP)是一种常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，其发病率高且病因复杂，对患者生活质量造成严重影响。经筋理论作为中医学理论体系的重要组成部分，对于阐释CNNP的病因病机及指导治疗具有独特优势。自我牵伸作为一种简便、经济、有效的康复手段，在CNNP的防治中日益受到重视。本文旨在系统梳理经筋理论与CNNP的内在联系，深入探讨基于经筋理论的自我牵伸疗法治疗CNNP的理论机制，并综合评述其临床应用现状与疗效。通过综述发现，CNNP的核心病机在于经筋“结聚”“挛急”导致“不通则痛”和“不荣则痛”。自我牵伸通过“舒筋解结”、“调节气血”、“平衡阴阳”等机制，能有效缓解肌肉痉挛、改善局部气血循环、恢复颈部力学平衡。临床研究表明，自我牵伸无论是单独应用还是与其他疗法(如推拿、针刺、运动训练、体外冲击波等)结合，均能显著改善CNNP患者的疼痛、功能障碍及颈椎活动度，且具有良好安全性及患者依从性。未来研究需进一步标准化自我牵伸方案，并利用现代技术深化其机制研究。本文为自我牵伸在CNNP康复中的推广应用提供了坚实的理论依据和实践指导。

Abstract: Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain (CNNP) is a common musculoskeletal disease with a high incidence and complex etiology, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. As an important part of traditional Chinese medicine theory, the Meridian Sinew Theory has unique advantages in explaining the etiology and pathogenesis of CNNP and guiding its treatment. Self-stretching, as a simple, economical and effective rehabilitation method, has attracted increasing attention in the prevention and treatment of CNNP. This paper systematically sorts out the internal connection between the Meridian Sinew Theory and CNNP, deeply explores the theoretical mechanism of self-stretching therapy based on the Meridian Sinew Theory in the treatment of CNNP, and comprehensively reviews its clinical application status and curative effect. The research shows that the core pathogenesis of CNNP is the “knot accumulation” and “spasm” of the meridian sinews, which lead to “pain due to obstruction” and “pain due to malnutrition”. Through mechanisms such as “relieving tendons and resolving knots”, “regulating qi and blood” and “balancing yin and yang”, self-stretching can effectively relieve muscle spasm, improve local qi and blood circulation, and restore the mechanical balance of the neck. Clinical studies have shown that self-stretching, whether used alone or in combination with other therapies such as tuina and acupuncture, exercise training, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, etc., can significantly improve the pain, dysfunction and cervical range of motion of CNNP patients, and has good safety and patient compliance. In the future, it is necessary to further standardize the self-stretching program and deepen the mechanism research with the help of modern technology. This paper provides a solid theoretical basis and practical guidance for the popularization and application of self-stretching in the rehabilitation of CNNP.