志愿行为促进大学生积极心理健康的机制

The Mechanism by Which Voluntary Behavior Promotes College Students’ Positive Mental Health

摘要: 积极心理健康不再局限于心理疾病的消除，而是强调积极情绪、良好的心理功能和满意的人际关系。基于大量横断面、纵向及实验研究的证据，研究发现志愿行为能够有效提升大学生的幸福感、生活满意度和积极情绪水平；促进其心理韧性、自我效能感、生命意义感和个人成长；并增强社会联结感和人际关系满意度。在机制层面，志愿行为通过情绪机制(积极情绪的扩展–建构效应)、认知机制(意义建构与积极认知加工)、社会机制(社会支持与归属感)、行为机制(角色实践与自我成长)以及生理机制(大脑奖赏回路的激活)共同发挥作用。未来研究应进一步加强纵向追踪与神经生理学实证研究，以深化对因果机制的理解。同时，实践层面应推动将志愿行为系统性地融入高校心理健康教育，从预防性取向转向发展性取向，为促进大学生积极心理健康提供可行路径与理论依据。

Abstract: Positive mental health encompasses not only the absence of psychological disorders but also the presence of positive emotions, optimal psychological functioning, and satisfying interpersonal relationships. Evidence from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental studies indicates that volunteering enhances college students’ happiness, life satisfaction, and positive affect; fosters resilience, self-efficacy, sense of meaning in life, and personal growth; and improves social connectedness and relationship satisfaction. Mechanistically, volunteering promotes positive mental health through multiple pathways, including emotional mechanisms (broaden-and-build effects of positive emotions), cognitive mechanisms (meaning construction and positive cognitive processing), social mechanisms (social support and belonging), behavioral mechanisms (role practice and self-growth), and physiological mechanisms (activation of neural reward circuits). Future research should employ longitudinal and neurophysiological approaches to clarify causal pathways. In practice, integrating volunteering into college mental health education can help shift from a disease-prevention focus to a developmental orientation, providing a feasible and evidence-based strategy for enhancing students’ positive mental health.