言语行为理论视域下《夏洛的网》译文对比分析

Analysis of the Different Translations of Charlotte’s Web Based on the Speech Act Theory

摘要: 言语行为理论由奥斯汀于1962在牛津大学授课时提出，他的学生根据其演讲笔记和听课笔记整理出了How to Do Things with Words一书，奥斯汀最初将话语分为了两类：表述句(constative)和施为句(performative)。在后续研究中，奥斯汀发现这两种分类不够准确，他推翻了之前的分类，又提出了“言语行为三分说”，即话语同时包含三种行为：以言指事行为、以言行事行为和以言成事行为。本文将结合言语行为理论，运用案例分析法与定量分析法，分析《夏洛的网》康馨译本和任溶溶译本中一些典型话语的译法，探究两个译本中的翻译是否如实传达了原文本的言语行为。

Abstract: The Speech Act Theory was proposed by Austin when he was teaching at Oxford University in 1962. His students compiled the book How to Do Things with Words based on their lecture notes. Austin initially divided speech into two categories: constative sentences and performative sentences. In subsequent research, Austin found that these two classifications were not accurate enough. He overturned the previous and proposed the “three-part theory of speech and action”, that is, Locution, Illocution and Perlocution. This article will combine the Speech Acts theory with case analysis and quantitative analysis methods to expound the different translations in Xin Kang’s and Rongrong Ren’s translations of Charlotte’s Web, in order to figure out whether the translations truthfully convey the Speech Acts of the original text.